Psychophysics And Aging Flashcards
Neural cellular loss
- decreased quantum catching ability of photoreceptors
- PR loss and degenerative changes
- ganglion cell loss and degenerative changes
- visual cortex cellular loss
Density of neurons in the macula and age
Decreases
Senescence of human vision
Decreases at about age 40
VEP and aging
Increased latency
Density of rods/cones/GCL and aging
Decreases
The total number of cones withi na 4mm of the fovea venter and age
Not significantly correlated
S cone function and age (blue)
Decreases with age
Which declines more with age, axons or RGCs
RGC
Dark adaptation and AMD
Decreased
Color and aging
- hue discrimination (make up of orange being 60% red and 40% yellow) stays simialr with aging
- our eblue, pure red, and pure white stay similar with aging
- pure green does change with aging
What color changes with age
Pure green
Acuity and age
- letter acuity loss
- accentuated at low light levels
- crowding effect
visual acuity and age
Decreases after 40, with a more sharp decline from about 60 onwards
Which type of VA is affected the least by age?
High contrast and high luminance
Which type of VA is affected the most by age
Low contrast surround glare
Age related variation of the spherical equivalent
Most myopic around age 30, and increases to about +1.00D around age 80
Aging and using both eyes together
Decreased ability to use eyes equally
Optical effects from aging
- increase in optical aberrations
- increased lens density
- increases intraocular light scatter
- senile miosis
- presbyopia
Higher order aberrations and age
- HOAs increase with age
- corneal, lenticular, and total HOAs increase
- decoupling of lens compensation for corneal aberration with aging
- corneal increase in spherical aberration and lens slight decreased in negative compensating SA
- corneal coma stays stable, negative lens coma decreases
Transmissivity for blue green light and age
Decreases
White light scatter in the lens and age
Increases
Pupillary diameter and age
In dark adaptation-decreases more
In light adaption-slight decrease but kinda stays the same
Depth of cost and age
Increases
Accommodation with age
Decreases
Spatial contrast sensitivity loss
- accentuated at low light level
- most severe at high frequency
- both optical and neural effect
Contrast threshold and age
Increases after age 40
Temporal sensitivity and age
- decreased temporal contrast sensitivity
- decreased CFF
- increase contrast threshold for motion
- increased problems with motion detection
Visual fields and age
- constricted Isoptera with kinetic
- static loss throughout field
- static loss increased eccentrically
- loss of functional field of view
Sensitivity (dB) on Humphrey VF and age
Decreases after age 40
Relationship between age and VF region
No significant differnet existed between superior and inferior hemifields within the central 10 degrees. A significant difference was found between the superior and inferior hemifields outside of the central 10 degrees of the VF
Useful field of view and age
- a form of divided attention task
- measures visual attention
- see and identify a target
- many studies indicate best predictor of crashes
- sensitivity high, specificity lower
Use field of view and age
Decreases
Everyday consequences of vision function changes
- face perception
- glare
- reading tasks
- driving
- unintentional fall
- urinary incontinence
- ADLs
- death
Reading a face and increasing age
Decreased with age
Reading rate and age
Decreases
Useful field and reading
Decreased field decreases reading rate
