Psychopharmacology Masserano

Question 1

Dopamine Theory of Psychoses

Answer 1

Due to excess dopaminergic activity in the brain

Cocaine, amphetamine, levodopa, can increase dopamine and cause psychosis

Question 2

Mesolimbic pathway

Answer 2

hyperactivity = positive symptoms. Therapeutic D2 blockade

Question 3

Mesocortical pathway

Answer 3

hypoactivity = negative symptoms. Influenced by 5-HT

Question 4

Nigrostriatal pahtway

Answer 4

regulates motor movement. Side effects of dopamine blockade (pseudoparkinson)

Question 5

Tuberoinfundibular pathway

Answer 5

inhibits prolactin release. Side effect of dopamine blockade

Question 6

Schizophrenia Neurochemistry Theory: hyperdopaminergic

Answer 6

Increased dopamine in mesolimbic pathway causes positive symptoms. Antagonism of D2 receptors decreases positive symptoms

Question 7

Schizophrenia Neurochemistry Theory: Hypodopaminergic

Answer 7

Less dopamine in mesocortical system causes negative symptoms. Antagonism of 5-HT2a in cortical areas increases DA release; this will control negative symptoms but cannot be used to treat schizophrenia alone.

Question 8

SALSA

Answer 8

Sleep disturbance
Anhedonia
Low Self esteem
Appetite decreased

Question 9

SIG E CAPS

Answer 9

Sleep decreased
Interest decreased
Guilt
Energy decreased
Concentration difficulties
Appetite disturbance 
Psychomotor retardation
Suicidal thoughts

Question 10

Bipolar 1

Answer 10

mania and major depression

Question 11

Bipolar II

Answer 11

hypomania and major depression

Question 12

Cyclothymic

Answer 12

hypomania and mild to moderate depression

Question 13

Dysthymic

Answer 13

Mild or moderate depression most of the time with no discrete episodes

Question 14

Monoamine Theory of Depression

Answer 14

Depression due to lack of CNS 5-HT and NE.
Reserpine depletes amines and induces depression
Beta blockers with high lipid solubility may produce depression

Question 15

Neurogenesis Theory of Depression

Answer 15

Stress-induced decreases in hippocampal neurogenesis are causal factor in precipitating depression

Question 16

Bipolar manic episodes

Answer 16

1 week of profound mood disturbance with at lease 3 of the following symptoms:
Grandiosity
Diminished need for sleep
Excessive talking or pressured speech
Racing thoughts or flight of ideas
Clear evidence of distractibility
Increased level of goal-focused activity at home, work, or sexually
Excessive pleasurable activities

Question 17

Bipolar major depressive episode

Answer 17

Duration of 2 weeks with at least 5 or more symptoms

Question 18

Lithium MOA

Answer 18

Attenuates the activity of secondary messengers and depletes IP3 and DAG

Question 19

Lithium BBW

Answer 19

Lithium toxicity occurs at close to therapeutic levels so it requires very close serum monitoring