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Y2 PSYCHIATRY > Psychopharmacology For Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychopharmacology For Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main types of treatments for psychological issues?

A

Chemical - drugs
Electrical stimulation e.g ECT for depression
Structural arrangement e.g. psychosurgery/ deep brain stimulation for severe depression
Talking therapies e.g. cognitive behaviour therapy

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2
Q

What are the pros of classifying a drug based on what illnesses they treat?

A

Easy for doctors to choose a drug as they make the diagnosis

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3
Q

What are the 2 main cons of classifying a drug based on what illnesses they treat?

A

Many psychiatric medicines work in several disorders e.g. antidepressants can also treat anxiety
Most psychiatric disorders have multiple symptoms and a single medicine might not treat them all

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4
Q

What are the three methods of classification of drug for psychiatry?

A
  1. As the WHO classification does
  2. Based on what illnesses they treat
  3. Based on their pharmacology e.g. not antipsychotic but dopamine blocker
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5
Q

What are the four different systems medicines work on?

A

Receptors
Neurotransmitter reuptake sites
Ion channels
Enzymes

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6
Q

All neurotransmitters except for ________ are taken back into the pre-synaptic terminal via uptake sites

A

All NTs except for acetylcholine

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7
Q

What enzyme is blocked to treat anxiety and depression?

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

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8
Q

Lithium blocks which enzyme in order to provide mood stability?

A

Glycogen synthase

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9
Q

In receptor targeting medicines: Antagonists block the ___________

A

Endogenous agonist binding to the receptor

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10
Q

In receptor targeting medicines: agonists mimic _______

A

The endogenous agonist and stimulate the receptor

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11
Q

How does citalopram work to enhance serotonin?

A

Blocks the serotonin reuptake site

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12
Q

What is the most common drug target?

A

Blocking enzyme activity

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13
Q

What is a neurone auto receptor?

A
  • usually inhibitory
  • activated by neurotransmitter
  • inhibit calcium influx
  • switch off firing of terminal
  • reduce neurotransmitter release
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14
Q

What enzymes are targeted for dementias?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

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15
Q

In receptor targeting medicines, most treatments are _______

A

Receptor blockers (antagonists)

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16
Q

What receptors are blocker for schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine receptors

17
Q

What receptor subtype is blocked for depression?

A

Serotonin receptor subtype antagonists

18
Q

What are two examples of receptor agonists used in psychiatry and what are they used for?

A

> benzodiazepines enhance GABA for sleep
guanfacine enhance noradrenaline for ADHD

19
Q

What are the two categorisations for neurotransmitters?

A

FAST acting (on-off switch)
Slow acting (modulators) - around 5% of NTs

20
Q

Why are partial agonists sometimes used?

A

Improved safety

21
Q

Which neurotransmitter system is in excess in epilepsy and alcoholism?

A

Glutamate

22
Q

Glutamate is in Excess/Deficient in epilepsy and alcoholism

A

Excess

23
Q

What is the treatment given for excess glutamate in epilepsy?

A

Perampanel - blocker

24
Q

What are the two treatments given for excess glutamate in alcoholism?

A

Acamprosate - blocker
Ketamine - blocker

25
Q

What NT system is deficient in anxiety?

A

GABA

26
Q

GABA is in excess/deficient in anxiety?

A

Deficient

27
Q

What treatment is used for the deficiency in GABA in anxiety?

A

Benzodiazepines - GABA enhancers

28
Q

5-HT is in excess/deficient in depression and anxiety?

A

Deficient

29
Q

Which neurotransmitter system is deficient in depression and anxiety?

A

5-HT

30
Q

What treatment is given for 5-HT deficiency seen in depression and anxiety?

A

SRIs and MAOIs - serotonin enhancers

31
Q

Which neurotransmitter system is in excess in psychosis?

A

Dopamine

32
Q

Dopamine is in excess/deficient in psychosis?

A

In excess

33
Q

What treatment is given to treat excess dopamine in psychosis?

A

Dopamine receptor blockers

34
Q

Which neurotransmitter system is in excess in nightmares?

A

Noradrenaline

35
Q

What treatment is given for excess noradrenaline seen in nightmares?

A

Prazosin - blocker

36
Q

Which Neurotransmitter system is deficient in dementia?

A

Acetylcholine

37
Q

What is allosteric modulation?

A

Some drugs act on the same site as the natural (endogenous) neurotransmitter
Others work ondifferent siteson the target proteins

Y2 PSYCHIATRY (6 decks)

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