Psychopharmacology Flashcards
What does serotonin modulate?
Mood, anxiety, obsessions/compulsions, appetite
What does NE modulate
entire brain except nucleus accumbins. Mediates mood, attn, anxiety, pain
What does DA modulate
VTA and SN through midbrain to cortex. Mediates movement, reward, pleasure, mood, attn, psychosis, cognition, lactation
What do ketamine and memantine target
NMDA receptor, but ketamine blocks it causing SZ symptoms
What is histamine involved in
appetite, weight, sleep
What is GABA involved in
Anxiety, insomnia, alc withdrawal, pain disorders, seizures, muscle tone, consciousness
How do all antipsychotics work?
Block D2
Mesocortical DA dysregulation
Causes the negative symptoms
Mesolimbic DA dysregulation
Causes the positive symptoms
Nigrostriatal DA dysregulation
If you block dopamine here, get dystonia, akathisia, TD, NMS
Tuberoinfundibular DA dysreg
if you block DA here, get galactorrhea and gynecomastia (also can get form alcohol!)
Is clozapine a first or second gen antipsych
second (also a 5HT2 antag as well as D2)
What is an important side effect of clozapine?
Agranulocytosis
What is an important side effect of all 2nd gen antipsychotics
Metabolic syndrome
What is a side effect of MAOIs
Hypertensive crisis
What is a side effect of TCAs
arrhythmias
How do mood stabilizers work?
They block the voltage gated sodium channels or enhance potassium channel permeability leading to hyper polarization. They may also modulate Ca channels and GABA
these are also anticonvulsants!
Side effects of mood stabilizers
Weight gain, impaired cognition, acne, neural tube defects
How do benzos work?
Increase GABA NT causing hyperpol
Side effects of benzos
confusion, dishinhibition, sdeation, liver issue,
Which benzos are liver sparing?
Lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam
List two anti-dementia agents
AChesterase inhib and memantine (NMDA antag)
