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Anatomy 1 > Mediastium and Abdominal Viscera (interval 3) > Flashcards

Mediastium and Abdominal Viscera (interval 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

Strong fibrous connective tissue that secures the parietal pericardium

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2
Q

Parietal Pericardium

A

Mix of the serous pericadium and the non-serous fibers (pg 55 iBook)

The parietal layer of the serous pericardium is fused to the inside of the fibrous pericardium

Innervated by sensory phrenic nerves

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3
Q

What is the epicardium

A

The visceral pericardium (on heart)

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4
Q

Pectinate Muscles

A

Rough part of the right atrium (including anterior wall and the auricle) Rough part of the left atrium that goes into the auricle. Stops at the crista terminalis

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5
Q

Crista Terminalis

A

Separates the rough wall part from the smooth wall (sinus venarum) part of the atria (mostly in right atrium)

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6
Q

IVC

A

Runs along the entire body, collects venous blood, enters into the right atria

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7
Q

SVC

A

Superior vena cava that enters the right atrium and is continuous with the IVC

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8
Q

Oblique pericardial sinus

A

Recess in pericardial cavity. Inferior to the pulmonary veins and to the left of the inferior vena cava

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9
Q

Transverse pericardial sinus

A

Recess in paricardial cavity. Found between the ascending aorta/pulmonary trunk and the SVC. Behind aorta and pul trunk and in front of the SVC

Can clamp the outflow vessels (aorta and pulmonary trunk) during surgery here

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10
Q

Coronary sinus

A

The cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus (which enters the right atrium) EXCEPT the anterior cardiac veins which drain the right ventricle and empty directly into the right atrium

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11
Q

Ostium of the coronary sinus

A

opening of the coronary sinus (right atrium)

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12
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

Remnant of the foramen ovale which shunted blood from the right to left atrium to bypass the lungs

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13
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

‘Heart strings’. Tendons (mainly collagen) that connect the papillary muscles to the leaflets of the atrialventricular valves

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14
Q

Right atrium wall names and what is in them?

A

Smooth wall: sinus venarum
Rough wall: includes anterior wall and the auricle. Contains pectinate muscles

IVC, SVC, ostium of the coronary sinus, openings of anterior cardiac veins (drain right ventricle)

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15
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A

Muscle that is part of the rough walled part of ventricles

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16
Q

Right ventricle papillary muscles

A
  1. Anterior/great papillary muscle
  2. Posterior
  3. Septal
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17
Q

Interventricular Septum

A

Septum between the L and R ventricles

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18
Q

Septomarginal trabecula/moderator band

A

In the right ventricle. Extends from the base of the anterior papillary muscle to the interventricular septum. Contains the right branch of the bundle of His.

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19
Q

Conus Arteriosus/ infundibulum

A

Smooth walled part of the right ventricle

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20
Q

Tricuspid valve and its leaflets

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Has 3 leaflets (anterior, posterior, septal leaflets that attach to their corresponding papillary muscle)

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21
Q

Pulmonary valves and its cusps

A

Semilunar valve, between right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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22
Q

Left atrium

A

Is smooth walled and has the auricle which is rough walled and includes the pectinate muscles.

Contains the left atrioventricular orifice which opens into the left ventricle and is closed by the mitral valve.

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23
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

Drain oxygenated blood into the left atrium. There are 4 of them

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24
Q

Left ventricle

A

Most muscular wall with trabeculae carneae. Contains a smooth walled part (aortic vestibule)
Two papillary muscles: anterior and posterior

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25
Q

Mitral valve

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle. Two leaflets, anterior and posterior (corresponding to their papillary muscles)

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26
Q

Aortic valve

A

Between the left ventricle and the aorta

No papillary muscles

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27
Q

SA node

A

Located in the sinus venarum of the right atrium near the entrance of the SVC

Pracemaker, controls depolarization of the atrium
Beats faster on its own than it does when innervated by the vagus nerve. Stronger parasympathetic innervation keeping it slower.

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28
Q

AV node

A

Located in the interatrial septum near the right atrialventricular oriface

Delays depolarization to the ventricles so that the atria can fully contract before the ventricles contract

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29
Q

Bundle of His

A

Arises from cells of the AV node, passes into the interventricular septum. Divides into right and left branches that divide into the purkinje fibers.

Causes each of the papillary muscles to contract to keep AV valves shut

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30
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Spread a wave of depolarization to the right and left ventricles

Right branch is carried by the septomarginal trabecula/moderator band

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31
Q

Aortic sinuses

A

Left and a right one that come off ascending aorta. They give rise to the right and left coronary arteries. They are located just distal to right and left semilunar cusps of the aortic valve

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32
Q

Left coronary artery

A

Derived from the left aortic sinus. Short (1cm) branches into the LAD and the circumflex. Supplies the AV bundle of His, the right bundle branch, the IVS and part of the left bundle branch.

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33
Q

LAD

A

Branches from the left coronary artery. Separates the right and left ventricle. Anastamoses with the PDA

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34
Q

Circumflex

A

Also called the LCX. Wraps around and down the posterior side and supplies the left atrium and left ventricle. Courses through the coronary sulcus (intersection between the atrium and ventricle). Anastamoses with the RCA

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35
Q

Right coronary artery

A

Branches from the right aortic sinus. Anastamoses with the circumflex branch (LCX). Branches into the marginal branch and usually the PDA. Supplies blood to the right atrium, SA/AV nodes, and the left purkinje branch

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36
Q

Marginal branch

A

From the RCA, supplies the right ventricle

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37
Q

PDA

A

From the RCA, supplies the lower 1/3 of the interventricular septum and the r/l ventricles. Anastamoses with the LAD.

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38
Q

Great cardiac vein

A

Courses with the anterior interventricular artery (LAD) and drains into the coronary sinus

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39
Q

Middle cardiac vein

A

Courses with the posterior interventricular artery (PDA) and drains into the coronary sinus

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40
Q

Anterior cardiac vein

A

Drains the right ventricle and empties directly into the right atrum (an exception)

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41
Q

Celiac artery/trunk

A

Supplies the foregut and spleen
Branches off of the abdominal aorta

Branches into the:

  1. Common hepatic artery
  2. Left gastric artery
  3. Splenic artery
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42
Q

Hepatoduodenal Ligment

A

Contains the common bile duct (made from the cystic duct and the heptaic duct), portal vein, proper hepatic artery

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43
Q

Left/right gastric arteries

A

Supply the lesser curvature of the stomach

44
Q

Splenic artery and its branches

A

Supplies the spleen, neck/body/tail of pancreas, left side of the greater curvature of the stomach, stomach fundus

Important Outbranchings:

  1. Left Gastro-omental/gastroepiploic artery
  2. Short gastric branches
45
Q

Gastro-omental/gastroepiploic artery

A

Branches from the splenic artery, supplies the left side of the greater curvature of the stomach

46
Q

Short gastric branches/arteries

A

Branches from the splenic artery, supplies blood to the fundus of the stomach

47
Q

Common hepatic artery

A

A branch from the celiac artery that splits into the proper hepatic artery and the gastroduodenal artery on the right side of the body

48
Q

Proper hepatic artery

A

A branch from the common hepatic artery. Supplies part of the lesser curvature via the right gastric artery and branches into the right and left hepatic arteries which supply the liver. The right hepatic artery contains a branch called the cystic artery, which supplies the gallbladder

(N:283)

49
Q

Right gastric artery

A

Joins with the left gastric artery and supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach

50
Q

Left hepatic artery

A

Supplies the left functional lobe of the liver

51
Q

Right hepatic artery

A

Supplies the right functional lobe of the liver

52
Q

Left gastric artery

A

Supplies most of lesser curvature of stomach, abdominal part of esophagus, penetrates Maddy, i mean ulcers (just kidding, it doesn’t do either)…but it does penetrate things within her…hopefully not perforating any bowels while it does

53
Q

At what location would an ulcer be to erode the left gastic artery

A

Lesser omentum

54
Q

Cystic Artery

A

Supplies the gallbladder

55
Q

Gastroduodenal artery

A

Branches from the common hepatic duct and supplies the foregut part of the duodenum (upper 1/3), superior part of head of the pancreas (via SPDs)

Goes to the greater curvature of the stomach via right gastro-omenta/epiploic artery

Branches off of it include:

  1. Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal (PD) artery
  2. Anterior superior PD artery
  3. Right gastroepiploic artery (which it turns into, not really a branch)
56
Q

Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

A

Have a posterior and anterior. Branches off of the gastroduodenal artery. Supply the superior part of the head of the pancreas and the proximal part of the duodenum.

57
Q

Right gastroepiploic/omental artery

A

Extension of the gastroduodenal artery that meets with its left partner to supply the greater curvature of the stomach with blood

58
Q

Where would an ulcer have to be to erode the gastroduodenal artery?

A

Posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum. These people might have pain referred to their shoulder

59
Q

Spleen

A

Supplied by celiac artery. Functions as a lymphatic organ and filters RBCs. Is peritoneal. Supplied by the splenic artery. Protected posterior by ribs 9-12. Most frequently injured organ in the abdomin (perhaps because maddy is penetrated through ribs 9-12)

60
Q

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

A

Supplies the midgut
Branches include
1. Right colic
2. Middle colic
3. Ileocolic
4. Intestinal branches (vesa recta) of the ilium and jejunum
5. Inferior pancreaticduodenal (anterior and posterior)

61
Q

Right colic artery

A

Branch of the SMA, supplies ascending colon

62
Q

Middle colic artery

A

Branch of the SMA, supplies the first 2/3 of the transverse colon

63
Q

Ileocolic artery

A

Branch of the SMA, supplies the distal part of the ilium, the appendix, the cecum and the proximal part of the ascending colon

64
Q

Ileal and jejunal intestinal branches

A

Branches of the SMA
Jejunum: form the simple arcades and long vasa recta
Ilium: forms complex arcades and short vasa recta

Note: Arcades and vasa recta run at a right angle

65
Q

Inferior PD arteries

A

Split into an anterior and a posterior artery which supplies the midgut part of the duodenum and inferior part of the head of the pancreas and a process of the pancreas

66
Q

Inferior mesentery artery (IMA)

A 
Supplies the hindgut
Its branches include:
1. Left colic artery
2. Sigmoidal artery
3. Superior rectal artery
4. Marginal artery
67
Q

left colic

A

supplies descending colon and distal 1/3 of transverse colon

68
Q

sigmoidal arteries

A

supply the sigmoid colon

69
Q

superior rectal artery

A

supplies the rectum and anal canal to the pectinate line

70
Q

marginal artery of the colon

A

anastomoses the IMA with the SMA

71
Q

inferior mesenteric vein

A

vein of IMA

drains the hindgut, usually empties into the splenic vein but can drain into the SMV

72
Q

splenic vein

A

drains parts of the foregut

73
Q

superior mesenteric vein

A

drains the midgut

74
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

formed posterior to the neck of the pancreas, where the SMV unites with the splenic vein

receives poorly oxygenated blood from GI structures, delivers that blood to the hepatic sinusoids
(note: hepatic veins drain blood from there to IVC)

75
Q

hepatic veins

A

drain blood from the hepatic sinusoids to IVC

76
Q

cystic duct

A

comes from the gallbladder and unites with common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct

77
Q

hepatic ducts

A

right and left common hepatic ducts drain bile from the right and left functional lobes of the liver, respectively, and unite to form the common hepatic duct

78
Q

common bile ducts

A

formed from the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct
passes posterior to first part of the duodenum and through the head of the pancreas, enters the second part of the duodenum

79
Q

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

A

formed by the joining of the main pancreatic duct and the bile duct
landmark on the duodenum (second part)
marks the anatomic transition between foregut and midgut

80
Q

liver lobes

A

left, right, quadrate (bottom), caudal (top)

each functional lobe has separate arterial blood supply, venous drainage and biliary drainage

81
Q

functional left lobe of the liver

A

includes left lobe, quadrate lobe and part of caudate lobe

82
Q

functional right lobe of the liver

A

right lobe and part of the caudate lobe

83
Q

round ligament of the liver (whats it’s other name)

A

ligamentum teres hepatis

remnant of fetal umbilical vein

84
Q

ligamentum venosum

A

remnant of the ductus venosus

85
Q

what anatomical structures separate the anatomical right and left lobes of the liver?

A

round ligament and ligamentum venosum

86
Q

what separates the functional left and right lobes of the liver?

A

line from the gallbladder through the IVC

87
Q

coronary ligament

A

derivative the helps to suspend the liver to diaphragm

88
Q

bare area of the liver

A

nonperitoneal area

large triangular surface of liver devoid of peritoneal covering

89
Q

left/right triangular ligaments

A

connects liver to the diaphragm

90
Q

mesentery of the ileum versus the jejunum

A

ileum - more fat in mesentery due to Peyer’s patches

91
Q

how is the jejunum different from the ileum?

A

jejunum has thicker walls, larger luminal diameter, more prominant plica circularas, greater vascularity

92
Q

mesoappendix

A

mesentery of the appendix, suspends the appendix

93
Q

transverse mesocolon

A

mesentery of the transverse colon

94
Q

sigmoid mesocolon

A

mesentery of the sigmoid colon

95
Q

ileocecal junction

A

bw the ileum and the cecum (first part of the ascending colon)

96
Q

right colic/hepatic flexure

A

transition point bw the ascending and transverse colon

97
Q

left colic/splenic flexure

A

transition point bw the transverse and descending colon

where the middle colic branches of the SMA and left colic branches of the IMA anastomose

98
Q

what is the most common site for ischemic bowel infarction?

A

splenic flexure, where the middle colic branches of the SMA and left colic branches of the IMA anastomose

99
Q

taenia coli

A

three independent longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that begin at base of appendix and end at junction between sigmoid colon and rectum

convergent point of the three taenia coli is called the appendix of the colon

100
Q

appendices epiploicae

A

small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat along the colon

101
Q

haustra

A

crinkles formed bc taenia coli is shorter than the total length of the colon
gives the colon its segmental appearance

102
Q

aortic hiatus of diaphragm

A

marks the beginning of the abdominal aorta

hole in the diaphragm for the aorta

103
Q

ligament of treitz

A

fibromuscular bands that supports the duodenojejunal flexure

104
Q

hilum of the spleen

A

point of attachment for gastrosplenic ligaments

hilum = where artery, nerve, veins and lymphatic vessels enter/leave a structure

105
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

bw stomach and duodenum

106
Q

parts of the stomach

A 
fundus
cardiac region 
body
antrum
pyloric canal

Anatomy 1 (11 decks)

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