Peritoneum and Pleura Flashcards
List the order of the GI tract
- Stomach
- Piloric sphincter
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ilium
- Cecum
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Tecending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Rectum
(N:261)
Where is the appendix?
(N:263)
Located at the junction between the ilium and the cecum
Falciform Ligament
In between the liver and the diaphragm
(N:261)
It attaches the liver to the anterior body wall
It is sickle shaped (ie falciform)
Ligamentum teres hepatis/round ligament
Degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver
Divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections
Greater Omentum and Lesser Omentum
Omentum=post natal derivative of mesentery
Greater: Covers the greater curvature of the stomach
Lesser: covers the lesser curvature of the stomach
(N:265)
Gastroduodenal Ligament ????? ASK
ASK
Medial Umbilical Ligament (?? GO BACK)
Obliterated remnants of the umbilical arteries that returned blood to the placenta in fetal life
Median Umbilical Ligament (??ADD)
????
Omental Bursa
The omental bursa is the lesser sac which is the cavity in the abdomin that is formed by the lesser and greater omentum
Epiploic foramen (In later interval)
Connects the omental bursa to the greater sac
Parietal Peritoneum
Serous/friction reducing membrane that forms the lining of the abdopelvic wall
Visceral Peritoneum
Serous/friction reducing membrane that surrounds gastrointestinal viscera
Transverse Thoracis
Aids in expiration (?). Found on the innermost surface of the thoracic cage originating from the sternum and inserting upon ribs 2-6
Innermost Intercostals
Function not known
Anterior Intercostal Nerves
Innervates the costal (thoracic wall/rib) parietal pleura
Phrenic Nerve
C3,4,5
Innervates diaphragm, mirrored so if you ruin one, have off-sided diaphgram contracted
Vagus Nerve
Cranial nerves that wander all the way through the thorax and most of the abdomin to provide a major source of parasympathetic innervation (innervates heart, lungs, and most of GI tract)
Internal Thoracic Artery and Vein
Is the medial source of blood to the breast
Extends down to become the superior epigastric artery
Anterior intercostal arteries and veins ???
?
Aorta-ascending, arch, descending???
???
Brachiocephalic veins ????
Union of juglar vein and subclavian vein. Returns blood to SVC
Superior Vena Cava
Vein that carries deoxy blood into right atrium. Formed by left and right brachiocephalic veins
Arch of azygos vein ??
The azygos vein drains the chest wall and receives intercostal drainagage, depositing it into the SVC
Describe the separations of the gut and their blood supplies
Foregut: esophagous, stomach, liver, bili apparatus, pancreas to the entrance of the bile duct in the second part of the duodenum
Blood Supply: Celiac artery
Midgut: Last 2/3 of duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, the ascending colon to the distal 2/3 of transverse colon
Blood Supply: Superior mesenteric artery
Hindgut: Last 1/3 of the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon and the rectum
Blood Supply: Inferior mesenteric artery
Left Lung Lobes
The left lung is made of 2 lobes the upper and lower and they are separated by the oblique fissure
What is the order of the structures within the root of the left lung?
RALS! The pulmonary vein is the most inferior. The pulmonary artery is superior to the left primary bronchus
Left Main Bronchus
It is the first branch point from the trachea
Less vertical than the right main bronchus
Hilus (Lung)
The structures in the root enter and exit through the hilus
Contains the pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery and the main bronchus
Superior and Lower Lobar Bronchus
Bronchus in the upper lobe and lower lobes ??
Cardiac Notch (lung)
Notch due to space taken up by the heart
Lingula
Tongue-like structure that is like the middle lobe of the right lung, except very small. During inspiration, it extends into the costomedial recess
Right Lung Lobes
Upper and middle separated by a horizontal fissure and a lower separated by a oblique fissure
What is the order of structures within the root of the RIGHT lung?
RALS - AB:
in the right lung, the artery is anterior to the bronchus
what is the root of the lung and what structures does it contain?
- the root of the lung connects the lung to the heart and trachea - and structures in the root enter or exit the lung through the hilus
- each root (right and left) contains:
1) a main bronchus
2) a pulmonary artery and two pulmonary veins
3) bronchial artiers that supply lung tissue
4) autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and lymphatic vessels
Right Main Bronchus
First branch point of bronchi
Shorter, wider and more vertical than the left main bronchus so an aspirated foerign body is more likely to enter right main bronchus and get lodged in middle or inferior right lobes.
How many lobes are there in the RIGHT lung? What separates each?
3 lobes:
- right upper (or superior) lobe
- right middle lobe
- right lower (or inferior) lobe
- horizontal fissure separates superior and middle lobes
- oblique fissure separates superior&middle from inferior lobe
Costodiaphragmatic recess
potential space in the pleural vacity at a point where the visceral pleura and underlying lung do not completely fill the pleural caivty during inspiration; specifically the diaphragmatic pleura is in contant with the costal pleura.
Pleural Cavity
- potential space between visceral and parietal pleura, e.g. it contains nothing except a small amount of serious fluid.
- this permits visceral pleura and underlying lung to glide against the parietal pleura during respiration
Visceral Pleura
- pleura covering actual lungs
- continuous with parietal pleura at the ROOT of each lung
Costal pleura
parietal pleura covering the thoracic wall, e.g. the rib cage
diaphragmatic pleura
parietal pleura covering the diaphragm
mediastinal pleura
parietal pleura covering the mediastinum
cervical parietal pleura
expents into the root of the neck superior to the medial one third of the clavicle and the first rib
-also known as the cupola
Open Pneumothorax
Due to a penetrating wound of the thoracic wall or neck piercing the costal or cervical pleura respectively
Lung collapses
During inspiration: heart and other mediastinal structures shift away from the affected side and compress the opposite lung.
During expiration: heart etc shift back
Shifts reduce venous return to the heart
Tension Pneumothorax
Due to a penetrating wound of the pleura
Lung collpases
Inspiration: get a shift of heart and other mediastinal structures away from the affected side
Expiration: flap of pleural tissue closes the wound and prevents the expulsion of air. Intrapleural pressure increases and the shift of structures to the opposite side is augmented.
Cardiac output, venous return, and respiratory function are compromised
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Air enters the pleural cavity by passing through the visceral pleura
Ligamentum Arteriosum
Remnant of ductus arteriosis. Between left pulmonary artery and decending aorta.
In the superior mediastium, the left vagus nerve crosses the arch of the aorta and gives off the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, which hooks under the arch just posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum and courses superiorly to the larynx.
