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Anatomy 1 > Peritoneum and Pleura > Flashcards

Peritoneum and Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

List the order of the GI tract

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Piloric sphincter
  3. Duodenum
  4. Jejunum
  5. Ilium
  6. Cecum
  7. Ascending colon
  8. Transverse colon
  9. Tecending colon
  10. Sigmoid colon
  11. Rectum

(N:261)

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2
Q

Where is the appendix?

A

(N:263)

Located at the junction between the ilium and the cecum

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3
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

In between the liver and the diaphragm

(N:261)

It attaches the liver to the anterior body wall

It is sickle shaped (ie falciform)

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4
Q

Ligamentum teres hepatis/round ligament

A

Degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver

Divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections

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5
Q

Greater Omentum and Lesser Omentum

A

Omentum=post natal derivative of mesentery

Greater: Covers the greater curvature of the stomach

Lesser: covers the lesser curvature of the stomach

(N:265)

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6
Q

Gastroduodenal Ligament ????? ASK

A

ASK

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7
Q

Medial Umbilical Ligament (?? GO BACK)

A

Obliterated remnants of the umbilical arteries that returned blood to the placenta in fetal life

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8
Q

Median Umbilical Ligament (??ADD)

A

????

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9
Q

Omental Bursa

A

The omental bursa is the lesser sac which is the cavity in the abdomin that is formed by the lesser and greater omentum

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10
Q

Epiploic foramen (In later interval)

A

Connects the omental bursa to the greater sac

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11
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

Serous/friction reducing membrane that forms the lining of the abdopelvic wall

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12
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Serous/friction reducing membrane that surrounds gastrointestinal viscera

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13
Q

Transverse Thoracis

A

Aids in expiration (?). Found on the innermost surface of the thoracic cage originating from the sternum and inserting upon ribs 2-6

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14
Q

Innermost Intercostals

A

Function not known

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15
Q

Anterior Intercostal Nerves

A

Innervates the costal (thoracic wall/rib) parietal pleura

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16
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

C3,4,5

Innervates diaphragm, mirrored so if you ruin one, have off-sided diaphgram contracted

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17
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

Cranial nerves that wander all the way through the thorax and most of the abdomin to provide a major source of parasympathetic innervation (innervates heart, lungs, and most of GI tract)

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18
Q

Internal Thoracic Artery and Vein

A

Is the medial source of blood to the breast

Extends down to become the superior epigastric artery

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19
Q

Anterior intercostal arteries and veins ???

A

?

20
Q

Aorta-ascending, arch, descending???

A

???

21
Q

Brachiocephalic veins ????

A

Union of juglar vein and subclavian vein. Returns blood to SVC

22
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Vein that carries deoxy blood into right atrium. Formed by left and right brachiocephalic veins

23
Q

Arch of azygos vein ??

A

The azygos vein drains the chest wall and receives intercostal drainagage, depositing it into the SVC

24
Q

Describe the separations of the gut and their blood supplies

A

Foregut: esophagous, stomach, liver, bili apparatus, pancreas to the entrance of the bile duct in the second part of the duodenum

Blood Supply: Celiac artery

Midgut: Last 2/3 of duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum, the ascending colon to the distal 2/3 of transverse colon

Blood Supply: Superior mesenteric artery

Hindgut: Last 1/3 of the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon and the rectum

Blood Supply: Inferior mesenteric artery

25
Q

Left Lung Lobes

A

The left lung is made of 2 lobes the upper and lower and they are separated by the oblique fissure

26
Q

What is the order of the structures within the root of the left lung?

A

RALS! The pulmonary vein is the most inferior. The pulmonary artery is superior to the left primary bronchus

27
Q

Left Main Bronchus

A

It is the first branch point from the trachea

Less vertical than the right main bronchus

28
Q

Hilus (Lung)

A

The structures in the root enter and exit through the hilus

Contains the pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery and the main bronchus

29
Q

Superior and Lower Lobar Bronchus

A

Bronchus in the upper lobe and lower lobes ??

30
Q

Cardiac Notch (lung)

A

Notch due to space taken up by the heart

31
Q

Lingula

A

Tongue-like structure that is like the middle lobe of the right lung, except very small. During inspiration, it extends into the costomedial recess

32
Q

Right Lung Lobes

A

Upper and middle separated by a horizontal fissure and a lower separated by a oblique fissure

33
Q

What is the order of structures within the root of the RIGHT lung?

A

RALS - AB:

in the right lung, the artery is anterior to the bronchus

34
Q

what is the root of the lung and what structures does it contain?

A
  • the root of the lung connects the lung to the heart and trachea - and structures in the root enter or exit the lung through the hilus
  • each root (right and left) contains:
    1) a main bronchus
    2) a pulmonary artery and two pulmonary veins
    3) bronchial artiers that supply lung tissue
    4) autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and lymphatic vessels
35
Q

Right Main Bronchus

A

First branch point of bronchi

Shorter, wider and more vertical than the left main bronchus so an aspirated foerign body is more likely to enter right main bronchus and get lodged in middle or inferior right lobes.

36
Q

How many lobes are there in the RIGHT lung? What separates each?

A

3 lobes:

  • right upper (or superior) lobe
  • right middle lobe
  • right lower (or inferior) lobe
  • horizontal fissure separates superior and middle lobes
  • oblique fissure separates superior&middle from inferior lobe
37
Q

Costodiaphragmatic recess

A

potential space in the pleural vacity at a point where the visceral pleura and underlying lung do not completely fill the pleural caivty during inspiration; specifically the diaphragmatic pleura is in contant with the costal pleura.

38
Q

Pleural Cavity

A
  • potential space between visceral and parietal pleura, e.g. it contains nothing except a small amount of serious fluid.
  • this permits visceral pleura and underlying lung to glide against the parietal pleura during respiration
39
Q

Visceral Pleura

A
  • pleura covering actual lungs
  • continuous with parietal pleura at the ROOT of each lung
40
Q

Costal pleura

A

parietal pleura covering the thoracic wall, e.g. the rib cage

41
Q

diaphragmatic pleura

A

parietal pleura covering the diaphragm

42
Q

mediastinal pleura

A

parietal pleura covering the mediastinum

43
Q

cervical parietal pleura

A

expents into the root of the neck superior to the medial one third of the clavicle and the first rib

-also known as the cupola

44
Q

Open Pneumothorax

A

Due to a penetrating wound of the thoracic wall or neck piercing the costal or cervical pleura respectively

Lung collapses

During inspiration: heart and other mediastinal structures shift away from the affected side and compress the opposite lung.

During expiration: heart etc shift back

Shifts reduce venous return to the heart

45
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

Due to a penetrating wound of the pleura

Lung collpases

Inspiration: get a shift of heart and other mediastinal structures away from the affected side

Expiration: flap of pleural tissue closes the wound and prevents the expulsion of air. Intrapleural pressure increases and the shift of structures to the opposite side is augmented.

Cardiac output, venous return, and respiratory function are compromised

46
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

A

Air enters the pleural cavity by passing through the visceral pleura

47
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosum

A

Remnant of ductus arteriosis. Between left pulmonary artery and decending aorta.

In the superior mediastium, the left vagus nerve crosses the arch of the aorta and gives off the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, which hooks under the arch just posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum and courses superiorly to the larynx.

Anatomy 1 (11 decks)

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