Psychopharmacology

Question 1

Antipsychotics

Answer 1

1. supports ability to effectively self-manage
2. Syprexa, Seroquel, Risperdal, Degodon, Abilify (also used to treat bipolar disorder)
3. Side effects: dry mouth, blurry vision, photosensitivity, constipation, orthostatic HTN, PD, dystonias, akathisia (restless, anxietyprovoking need for movement), and cardiovascular disorders

Manic

Question 2

Mood-stabilizers

Answer 2

1. first line of psychopharmacologic treatment
2. Lithum: Eskalith, Lithobid, and time released forms
3. Side effects: excessive thrust, tremors, excessive urination, weight gain, nausea, diarrhea, and cognitive impairment
4. Blood levels must be monitored to maintain the narrow therapeutic window. High levels of Lithum may cause nerve damage and death
5. EARLY SYMPTOMS of toxicity include motoric disturbances

used to prevent bipolar disorder

Manic

Question 3

Anticonvulsants

Answer 3

1. mood stabilizer; also helps prevent sz.
2. Depakote, Tegretol, Lamictal, Topamax, Neuronti, and Trileptal
3. Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, weight gain, and sedation

Manic

Question 4

Antidepressant medications

Answer 4

1. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
2. Prozac, Zoloft, Praxil, Celexa, and Lexapro
3. Side effects: nausea, headache, sexual dysfunction, and insomnia

major depressive episode+ depressive disorders+ anxietyOCD

Question 5

Tricyclics

Answer 5

1. Elavil, Tofranil, and Norpramin
2. Rarely used 2ndary to the efficacy of the SSRIs and slective norepinephring or serotonin and nonepinephrine in hibitors (SNRIs)
3. Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, sedation, postural hypotension, and other anticholinergic effects

major depressive episode+ depressive disorders

Question 6

SNRIs

Answer 6

1. Include Effexor, Cymbalta
2. Side effects vary but may include hypertension, anxiety, dizziness, sedation, nervousness, weight gain, nausea, and sweating

major depressive episode+ depressive disorders

Question 7

Atypical antidepressants

Answer 7

1. Wellbutrin and Remeron
2. Similar in effect to SSRIs and SNRIs
3. Wellbutrin has fewer sexual side effects

major depressive episode+ depressive disorders

Question 8

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 8

1. Nardil and Parnate
2. Side effects: weight gain, HTN, insomnia, and liver damage
3. Dietary restrictions for oral meds (not skin patch): Ingesting food/beverages containing amino acid tyramine (inc. BP and lead to stroke/cardiac reactions); Tyramine must be completely avoide (aged cheese, pickled foods, cured/smoked meat, liver, yogurt, sour cream, fruits that must ripen to eat, fava beans, peapods, choclate, beer and red wine (non-alocholic) meat tenderizers, soy, yeast extracts, any products improperly stored, overripended, not feresh, and/or past expired; over-the-counter meds (cold, sinus, fever meds, pep, nasal, astma inhalants, app. suppressants); notify doctor if not followed

Severe headaches or palpitations can be the firrst sign of HTN crisis
Severe headaches or palpitations can be the firrst sign of HTN crisis

major depressive episode+ depressive disorders

Question 9

Methadone

Answer 9

1. detoxification and maintenance for opiod dependence (most acceptable for heroin addiction)

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 10

Anxiolytic medications

Answer 10

1. Xanax, Valium, Ativan, Klonopin, Serax, and BuSpar
2. Side effects: drowisness, ataxia, headache, nausea, depression, and dependence

Anxiety Disorders, OCD

Question 11

Hypnotic medications

Answer 11

1. Restoril, Dalmane, Ambien, and Benedryl
2. Side effects: similar to Anxiolytics (drowisness, ataxia, headache, nausea, depression, and dependence)

OCD

Question 12

Antiobsessional medications

Answer 12

1. Luvox
2. Side effects: similar to SSRIs (Side effects: nausea, headache, sexual dysfunction, and insomnia)

OCD

Question 13

Stimulants

Answer 13

1. Most commonly used, Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Focalin) for children 3+ yrs
2. Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin, Addreall, Metadate) for children 6+ yrs
3. Side effects: loss of appetite, weight loss, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep patterns, and slow growth

ADHD

Question 14

Antidepressants

ADHD

Answer 14

1. Imipramine
2. Used when stimulants cannot be used.
3. Careful monitoring of cardiac functioning is required

ADHD

Question 15

Anxiolytics

ADHD

Answer 15

1. Clonidine (Catapres)
2. Guanfacine (Tenex)
3. Require careful dosing and competent adults for administration
4. Meds cannot be stopped suddenly because this could medically compromise the child
5. monitoring of medication and its impact on cognitive and psychosocial function (Learning and self-esteem)

ADHD

Question 16

Meds for eating disorders

Answer 16

1. Antidepressants: meds maybe used for anorexia, but more effective with bulima
2. Antipsychotics: used to improve distorted thinking/perceptions
3. paired with psychotherapy, family counseling, and behavioral and/or cognitive therapies