Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

Psychopharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the funciton of Acetylcholine?

A

muscle action
learning
memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the funciton of Dopamine?

A

movement
learning
attention
emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the funciton of serotonin?

A

mood
hunger
sleep
arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the function of NRE?

A

alertness
arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the major inhibitory NT? if undersupply, what happens?

A

GABA

undersupply:
- seizures
- tremors
- insmonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the major excitatory NT involved in memory? if there’s oversupply, what happens?

A

glutamate

oversupply:
- overstimulate th brain
- migraines/seizures/avoid MSG, monosodium glutamate in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the effects of undersupply for NRE, Serotonin, Dopamine?

A

Dopamine:
- tremors, DEC mobility in Parkison’s dis

Serotonin:
- depression

NRE:
- depressed mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is effect of oversupply of dopamine?

A

schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what includes genetics, rare mutations, lesions, insertion of a diseaes?

A

Biopsychosocial model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most popular

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens in the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

A

limic dopaminerig c activity & postmortem dopamine receptor density -> psychosis, symptoms of schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the pos symmptoms of schizophrenia?

A
  • delusions
  • hallucinations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the neg symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

anhedonia
affective flattening
avolition
social withdrawal
alogia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 4 dopamine pathways involved in schizophrenia

A

mesolimbic = causes positive symptoms
Mesocortical = negative, cognitive, & affectiev symptoms
Nigostrial = EPS & TD drug side effects
Tuberohypophyseal = hyperprolactinemia side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are chemical classification of antipsychotics?

A

Phenothiazine dervicatives
Thioxanthene derivatives
Butyrophenone dervivatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the diff between typical & atypical antipsychotics?

A

typical = acts on dopaminergic system by blocking D2 receptors

Atypical = minimal extrapyramidal side effects at clinically efefctive antipsychotic doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do Atypical antipsychotics treat?

A

both positive & negative signs & symptoms of schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the diff 1st gen dopamine reeptor antagonsits (typical)?

A

Chlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Flupenthixol
Haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of receptors are found in atypical antipsychotics?

A

higher degree of occupancy = Serotonergic receptors
lower affinity & occupancy = Dopaminergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the diff 2nd generation or Serotonin dopamine antagonists (atypical)?

A

Risperidone
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Paliperidone
Asenapine
Lurasidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the diff 3rd generation partial agonists/antagonist of dopamine & serotonin?

A

Aripiprazole
Brexiprazole
Cariprazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the AEs of 1st generation antipsychotics?

A

Acute: Acute dystonia (!), Akathisia, Pseudoparkinonism, Rabbit syndrome, Pisa syndrome

Late: Tardive dyskinesia (!), Hyerprolactinemia

Anticholinergic effects: dry mouth constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the MOA of 1st generation of antipsychotics?

A

postsynaptic blockade of brain dopamine D2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the diff high-potency & low-potency first generation antipsychotics? Its Hitaminic & Muscarinic recpetor activity?

A

high-potency FGA: Fluphenazine, Haloperidol
- LOW receptor activity

Low-potency FGA: Chlorpromazine, Thioridazone
- HIGH receptor activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the diff AEs of High-potency FGAs?

A
  • high risk for extrapyramidal symptoms
  • little sedation, weight gain, or anticholinergic activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the diff SEs of low-potency FGAs?

A
  • greater AEs (blurred vision, ocular toxicity, orthostatic HTN, QTc prolongation, urinary retention)
  • better tolerated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the diff anticholinergic effects of first gen antipsychotics?

A

Dry mouth or constipation
blurred vision or urinary retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the different SEs of antiosychotics & their receptor types?

A

D2 = EPS, hyperprolactinemia
M1 = cognitive defects, dry mouth, constipation, INC HR, urinary retenion, & blurred vision

H1 = sedation and weight gain

a1 = hypotension

5-HT2A = anti-EPS
5-HT2C = Satiety blockade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the tx for AEs?

A

EPS
- anticholinergic agents
- antihistamine
- beta-blockers
-anxiolytics

Symptomatic/Supportive therapy = other side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the MOA of 2nd generation antipsychotics?

A

stimulates serotonin 5HT2A receptor antagonist that accompanies the D2 antagonim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the MOA of Risperidone?

A

typical antipsychotic at doses >6mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what are the SEs of Risperidone at high dose ?

A

Common SE: Hyperprolactinemia, weight gain & sedation

High dose: EPS, hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are SEs of Olanzapine?

A

common: weight gain, metabolic syndrome (INC TAGs, CHOL, GLucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what are SEs of Quetiapine?

A

Metabolic syndrome (INC TAGs, Chole, CHO)
Orthostatic hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are SEs of Clozapine?

A
  • Agranulocytosis
  • INC risk if seizures, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, non-ketotic hyperosomolar coma & death
36
Q

what is the effect of Lurasidone?

A

less hypotension

37
Q

what is the MOA of Paliperidone?

A

antagonist at D2-dopaminergic receptors, a1-adrenergic & a2-adrenergic receptors, H1-histaminergic receptors

38
Q

what is the MOA of Asenapine?

A

high-affinity antagonist at 5-HT1A-HT2C + HT5-7 serotonergic receptors

39
Q

what are the common SE of Asenapine?

A

sedation
dizziness
somnolence
fatigue
dry mouth
weight gain

40
Q

what is the MOA of Aripiprazole?

A

partial agonist at D2 & 5HT2A & partial antagonist at 5HT2A

41
Q

what are SEs of Aripiprazole?

A

low EPS
no QT prolongation
low sedation

42
Q

what are the receptors that makes Brexipiprazole antagonists?

A

5-HT2A, B, 7
Alpha 1A, 1B, 1D, 2C

43
Q

what are the receptors that make Brexipiprazole partial agonists?

A

D2, D3 & 5-HT1A receptors

44
Q

what precaution should be taken for Brexipiprazole?

A

monitor for clinical worsening & emergence of suicidal thoughts & behaviors for 20yo and below

45
Q

what are common SE of Brexipiprazole?

A

weight gain
akathisia
headache

46
Q

what is the MOA of Glycine transporter 1 receptor?

A

Glycine is required co-agonist w/ glutamate at NMDA receptors

47
Q

what is the most popular hypothesis about depression?

A

imbalance/deficiency of the monoamine NTs (serotonin, NRE, dopamine)

48
Q

what are the 2 pharmacologic class of antidepressants?

A

cyclic antidepressants
monoamine oxidase inhibitors

49
Q

what are the diff cyclic antidepressants?

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors = Citalopream, Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Sertraline

Selective Serotonin-NRE Reuptake inhibtor = Venlafaxine, Desvenlaxafine, Duloxetine, Levomilnacipran

Serotonin-1A Agonist/Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor = Vilazodone

Noradrenergic/Specific Serotonergic agent = Mirtazapine

Nonselective Cyclic Agents (Mixed reuptake inhibitor/receptor blockers) = Amitriptyline, Desipramine, Imipramine, Maprotiline, Nortriptyline

50
Q

what are the diff Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

Irreversible MAO Inhibtors = Phenelzine

Irreversible MAO-B inhibitor = Selegiline

51
Q

what are the things u should consider before prescribing a drug to a px on their first episode?

A

past history of response to a certain antidepressant
side effect profile
coexisting medical conditions

52
Q

why is it there is an improvement of symptoms after 3-6 wks of therapy?

A

increase in brain0derived neutrotophic factors levels -> INC synaptic proteins & receptors to which Serotonin can bind to => INC # of neurons & dendritic sprouts

53
Q

what are the 1st line of antidepressants due to their efficacy, tolerabiity & general safety profile?

A

SSRIs

54
Q

what is the MOA of SSRI?

A

prevents reuptake & subseqeunt degradation of serotonin

55
Q

what are important PD of SSRI?

A

Fluoxetine - longest 1/2 life
Sertraline = less sedating
Paroxetine = greatest sedating properties

56
Q

what are common SEs of SSRIs?

A

headache, GI symptoms
Decreased libido
Discontinuation syndrome = if px suddenly stops taking of drug (dizziness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache)

57
Q

what is the C/I of px taking SSRi?

A

intake of MAOi due to Serotonin syndrome

58
Q

What are the triad of symptoms that present in Serotonin syndrome

A

mental status changes
autonomic hyperactivity
neuromuscular abnormalities

59
Q

wha tis the MOA of SNRI (serotonin NRE reuptake inhibitor)

A

inhibitor of 5HT, NE transporters

60
Q

What are common AEs of SNRI?

A

nausea, headache
agitation
sedation

61
Q

what is the indication of Noradrenergic specific serotnergic antidepressant?

A

MDD w/ insomnia

62
Q

what is the indicaition of SNRI?

A

MDD, GAD
pain due to DM nephropahty, fibromyalgia

63
Q

what is the D/I of Serotonin simulator/modulator?

A

serotonin syndrome -> dont take with other SSRIs?

64
Q

what are indications for tricyclic antidpressants?

A

unresponseive to SSRI or SNRI
insomnia
neuropathic pain
nocturnal enuresis
MDD

65
Q

what are the 2 classes of Drugs for ADHD?

A

psychostimulants
non-sychostimulants

66
Q

what are the psychostimulants & non- for ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate
Dextroapmhetamine

non-psychostimulants: Atomoxetine

67
Q

what are the MOA of each psychostimulants for ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate = INC synaptic dopamine & NRE

Dextroamphetamine = competitive i & pseudosubstrate for presynaptic transporters for DA, NE, 5-HT

68
Q

what is the MOA of atomoxetine?

A

no stimulant or euphoriant activity

INC NRE & DA in frontal cortex

69
Q

in what cases do u use psychostimualnts

A

> 6yo
ADHD, narcolepsy

70
Q

what are indications of sex drive antidepressants?

A

reduction of sexual arousal, libido
disruptive sexual behavior
sex offenders

71
Q

what re the 3 classes of sex-drive depressants and ex?

A

Anti-androgen/Progestogen -> Cyproterone

Progestogen -> Medroxyprogesterone

Anti-androgen, 5a reductase i -> Finasteride

72
Q

what are the diff mood stabilizers?

A

Lithium
Anticonvulsants: Valproic acid, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
Antipsychotics
Antipsychotic/Antidepressant combination

73
Q

what is the gold std/1st line for mania?

A

lithiu,

74
Q

what is the MOA of lithium?

A

inhibits inisoitol monophosphate –> inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 enzyme that appears to limit neurotrophic & neuroprotective processes

75
Q

what are the different enzymes affected by lithium? (!)

A
  1. inositol monophosphate
  2. inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphate
  3. glycogen synthase kinase-3
76
Q

what are AEs of lithium?

A

cardiac arrhythmia
bradycardia
sinoatrial dysfunction
abnormal T-waves on ECG
ST segment depression

77
Q

what anticonvulsant is effective as lithium in mania prophylaxis but not in depression prophylaxis?

A

valproic acid

78
Q

what are AEs of valproic acid?

A

hepatic toxicity, pancreatitis

79
Q

what is the indication of Carbamazepine & Lamotrigine?

A

Lamotrigine = bipolar depression
Carbamazepine = acute mania & mania prophylaxis

80
Q

what are the 3 types of insomnia?

A

transient insomnia = <4 wks duration
short-term insomnia = 4wk - 6 mons
chronic insomnia - >6 mons

81
Q

what are the FDA approved drugs for insomnia?

A

Nonbenzodiazepines
Ramelteon: Melatonin agonist
Benzodiazepines

82
Q

what is the indication of Nonbenzodiazepines?

A

short term tx duration of insomnia

83
Q

what is the insomnia indicator of Ramelteon?

A

initial insomnia (sleep onset)
unlikely ti improve sleep maintenance

84
Q

what re indication sof Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)?

A

GAD
panic disorder
insomnia
seizure disorder

85
Q

what is the MOA of Benzodiazepines?

A

positive allosteric modulators fo GAVA at limbic system, brainsem reticular formation, and cortex

86
Q

what are AEs of BEnzodiazepines?

A

mood disturbance/rebound anxiety
Dependence (within 3-4 wks)

87
Q

what are D/I of Benzodiazepines?

A

Cimetidine = INC benzodiazepin levels, CYP inhibition
Ethanol = INC sedation/respiratory depression, CNS depression, synergism
Opioids = INC sedation/respiratory depression, CNS additive

Pharmacology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions