Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > DRUGS OF ABUSE > Flashcards

DRUGS OF ABUSE Flashcards

1
Q

What are different theories of drug abuse?

A

Psychodynamic factors
Genetic factors
Neurochemical factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the major NTs?

A

Opioids & Catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What neurons project to the cortical and limbic regions in the nucleus accumbens?

A

Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the largest grp of adrenergic neurons that could mediate the effects of opiates & opioids?

A

Locus coeruleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the main cause of drug abuse & dependence?

A

Drug abuse& dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the time of detectability of alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, & methamphetamine?

A

ALcohol = 6-24 hrs
Amphetamine = 1-4 days
Cannabis: 15-30days
Methamphetapine = 3-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are different toxins that can induce potential health consequence if abused?

A

Stimulants
Cannabinoids
Opioids & Morphine derivatives
Depressants
Hallucinogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are effects of Stimulant withdrawal?

A

Depression
INC appetite
Psychomotor retardation
Emotional rxn
Slowed movements
Sleep disturbances
Miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are effects of Psychoactive drugs?

A

Distortion of a person’s sensory perception, mood, & though, enhancement of feelings & Introspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are diff effects of LSD & Mescaline?

A

INC body temperature, Heart rate, BP, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, numbness, weakness, tremors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are effects of MDMA?

A

INC effect of serptonin & catecholamines (life-threatening of tachycardia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are withdrawal symptms of depressants?

A

Anxiety, tremors, seizures, insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are questions to ask in the CAGE qnnaire?

A

Have you every felt you should Cut down on ur drinking?
Have ppl Annoyed u by criticizing ur drinking?
Have u ever felt bad or Guilty abt ur drinking?
Have u ever had a drink 1st thing in the morning to “Steady your nerves” or get rid of hangover ((eye opener)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What score should one get that would mean high sensitivity for identifcatio of excessive drinking & alcoholidsm?

A

2 or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the retrospect of CAGE Qnnaire?

A

Last 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the different molecular interactions that mediate effects of ethanol?

A

GABA receptor system
NMDA receptor system
Serotonin receptor system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the effect of ethanol to GABA receptro system?

A

INC action of GABA -> Sedative, ANticonvulsant, Anxiolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the effect of ethanol to NMDA receptor system?

A

Potent inhibitor of NMDA receptor function —> sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the effect of ethanol to Serotonin receptor system?

A

Can reinforce intoxicating effect of ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is alcohol absorbed?

A

Small intestine & colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What enzymes break down alcohol to acetaldehyde?

A

CYP2E1& Catalase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which of the 2 enzymes responsible for alcohol breakdown is used when there are large amts of alcohol & what if its only a small fraction of alcohol?

A

Catalase: small fraction
CYP2E1: large amts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is it that women have more alcohol in the body than men?

A

Women = have > subcutaneous fat -> alcohol concentrated in the body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When do seizures occure from alcohol ingestion?

A

Wihtin 24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When does delirium tremens occur?

A

Within 24 hrs to 72 hrs after onset of abstinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the different symptoms assoc with delirium tremens?

A

High fever
Marked confusion
Severe autonomic hyperactivity
Anxiety
Agitation & mental fluctuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

WHat are tx of delirium tremens?

A

Tx symptomatically
Thiamine
Fluid recplacement
Tx hyperthermia
Sedate w/ diazepam
Control seizure
Treat psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What condition can occur due to thiamine def?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Wernicke’s encephalopathy: severe acute def of VItamin B1 (thiamine)

Korsakoff’s psychosis = chronic neurologic sequela of Wernicke’s encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What drugs are not advised to interact with alcohol?

A

2nd gen cephalosporins
Metronidazole
Trimethoprim
Sulfamethoxazole
Isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the effect of analgesics + alcohol?

A

INC risk of ulcer or GI bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are drugs for alcohol dependence?

A

Acamprodate
Disulfram
Naltrexone

32
Q

What is the MOA of Acamprodate

A

NMDA gutamate receptor modulator

33
Q

What is the MOA of Disulfram?

A

irreversible inhibitrs acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

34
Q

what is the MOA of Naltrexone?

A

Long acting antagonist at var opioid receptor sites (u opioid receptor) -> blocks the craving mechanism

35
Q

Wha type of food will retard aborption in the GIT?

A

Carbs

36
Q

What is stimulated with ingestion of stimulants?

A

Mesolimbic dopamine system

37
Q

What is the MOA of COcaine?

A

Increases synaptic acitvity by binding to Dopamine transporter

38
Q

What stimulant increased synaptic activity by vesicular monoamine transporter?

A

Amphetamine

39
Q

What are chronic effects of cocaine?

A

Rapid/irregular heartbeat
DEC appetite/weight
Sustained high BP

40
Q

What is an effect of over toxicity?

A

<3 fialure

41
Q

What are tx os stimulants?

A

Calming techniques
Restrain
Hydrate & monitor vitals
Benzodiazepines: tachycardia & anxiety

42
Q

What is an important effect of AMphetamine toxicity?

A

<3 failure, delirium, psychosis, rapid breathing
Loss of coortdination
Irritability
Anxiety
Restlessness
Delirium
Aggressiveness

43
Q

What is a drug that can eliminate Amphetamines?

A

Ammonium chloride -> bcos it acidifies Amphetamine in the urine

44
Q

What is the MOA of Methylphenidate, a drug taken by those who want t oconcentrate?

A

Non-competitive inhibitor of dopamine transporter & noradrenaline transporter

45
Q

What are clinical uses of Methyllphenidate?

A

ADHD
Narcolepsy

46
Q

What are effects of excess Methylphenidate?

A

Psychosis
Seizures
Stroke
<3 failure

47
Q

What is an intervention of cocain use?

A

Repleting dopamine stores -> abstince over time

48
Q

What is the MOA of hallucinogens?

A

Agonist of 5HT2 receptors

49
Q

What are diff drug interactions of Hallucinogens?

A

MAO Inhibtors
Protease inhibtor
Cranberry juice

50
Q

What r the diff hallucinogens?

A

Ketamine
LSD
LSA = “morning glory seeds”
Phencyclidine = “angel dust”
Ecstasy/3,4-methylene Dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
3,4-Methylene-Diocyamphetamine (MDA) = “love drug”
Cannabinoids

51
Q

What is THC exogenous or endogenous cannabinoids?

A

Exogenou

52
Q

Long term use of cannabinoid can result to ?

A

Amotivational syndrome = deterioration of personal habits & loss of insight

53
Q

What is the MOA of “angel dust” or Phencyclidine?

A

Antagonist of NMDA receptor

54
Q

What are the diff receptors that Opioids act on?

A

Mu
Delta
Kappa subtypes

55
Q

What are precursors of endogenous eopiate-like susbtances?

A

POMC
Proenkephalin
Prodynorphin

56
Q

What can happen in Opioid overdose?

A

Respiratory depression
CV complications
Coma
Death

57
Q

What are the signs of Discontinued syndrome of Opioids?

A

Yawning
Runny nose
Sneezing
Lacrimation
Dilated pupils
Elevated BP
Tachycardia

58
Q

What are diff prescribed Opioids & related drugs?

A

Fentanyl = pain
Hydrocodone = cough syrups
Meperidine
Dextromethorphan = cough syrups
COdeins = pain relief, euphoria, drowsiness, confusion

59
Q

What are the diff drugs for opioid dependence?

A

Buprenorphine/Naloxone = moderate to sever pain
Methadone = severe pain

60
Q

What is the mOA of Methadone?

A

Mu opioid receptor agonist

61
Q

What is the MOA of Buprenorphine/Naloxone?

A

Partial mu opioid receptor agonist & kappa opioid receptor antagonist

62
Q

What is an antagonist of all opioid recepotrs?

A

Naloxone

63
Q

In what case is Buprenorphine used for?

A

Less dependent users, less chaotic lifestyles
-> there is risk of QT prolongation -> need to be monitored

64
Q

What antibiotic when combined with Opioids can prolong analgesia?

A

Erythromycin

65
Q

What drug is. Used as a tx of narcolepsy in Europe?

A

Oxybate/Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate

66
Q

What is known as a date-rape drug? Onset of action?

A

Fulnitrazepam or “roofies”

Duration: 30 mins

67
Q

what are the diff effects of Flunitrazepam?

A

Dizziness, impaired motor skills “rubber legs”
Slowed breahting, DEC BP, PR
Impaired memory & judgement, rapid loss of consciousness

68
Q

What is the mOA Of Nicotine/tobacco?

A

Stimualtes nicotinic Ach receptors —> release of chemical messengers (Ach, NE, epinephrine, dopamine, B-endoprhins) —> relaxation

69
Q

What are symptoms of nicotine consumption?

A

Restlessness
Agitation
Diaphoresis
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting

70
Q

What r diff drugs for Nicotine dependence?

A

Nicotine replacements: Patchy, Spray , gum, lozenges

Bupropion & Varenicline

71
Q

What increases 1/2 life of Nicotine?

A

Methanol

72
Q

What are tx for abuse of alcohol?

A
  1. Acamprosate = reduce symptoms of rebound withdrawal
  2. Disulfiram = interferes with degradation of alcohol -> acetaldehyde accumulation
  3. Naltrexone = blocks opioid receptors
73
Q

What are tx for abuse of Opioids?

A

Methadone & Burenorphine = suppress of withdrawal symptoms & relieve cravings

Naltrexone = blocks effect of heroin

74
Q

What is the tx for Nicotine abuse?

A

Bupropion

75
Q

What is tested in drug test kit?

A

Marijuana, Phencyclidine
Cocaine, amphetamine
Opioids

Pharmacology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions