Psychopathy pt 1 Flashcards
What translated french term did Phillippe Pinel use to first describe the concept of a psychopathy?
Mania without delirium
What checklist did Hare base the PCL and PCL-R on? How many characteristics did it have?
Clerkleys Checklist
16
What 5 techniques can be used to assess psychopathy?
Clinical interview, DSM V, personality questionnaires, structured diagnosis and self-report measures
What is the issue with using the DSM V to assess psychopathy?
It confuses ASPD and psychopathy due to some features of psychopathy being in the ‘associated features’ of ASPD
What percentage of offenders reach the criterion for ASPD and what percentage for Psychopathy
ASPD = 60-80%
Psychopathy = 10-20%
How is the PCL-R undertaken? What is the procedure?
Extensive file information needed, requires specialist training, interview form, 20 items with a scale of 0 (absent), 1 (maybe) and 2 (definitely) and gives a score of 0-40
What are some examples of extensions of the PCL-R
PCL:SV (screening version), PCL:YV (Youth version), P-Scan and B-Scan
What are the 2-factor subscales in the PCL-R
Factor 1: Interpersonal/Affective style
Factor 2: Behavioural lifestyle
What are the more recent 4 factors identified by Hare & Neumann?
- Affective
- Interpersonal
- Lifestyle
- Antisocial
What 4 characteristics of the PCL-R come under Affective?
lack of remorse/guilt
shallow effect
callous/lack of empathy
fail to accept responsibility
What 4 characteristics of the PCL-R come under Interpersonal?
Grandiose sense of self-worth
glibness/artificial charm
pathological lying and
conning/manipulative
What 4 characteristics of the PCL-R come under Lifestyle?
stimulation seeking
impulsivity
irresponsible
parasitic orientation
lack of realistic goals
What 4 characteristics of the PCL-R come under Antisocial
poor behavioural controls
early behaviour problems
juvenile delinquency
revocation of conditional release
criminal versatility
What are the 3 factors in the PPI- R
Fearless dominance, self-centered inhibition and coldheartedness
What are the two factors of psychopathy described by Yildrim and Derksen
Primary - emotional deficiency
Secondary - emotional disturbance
What are the main differences between Factor 1 and Factor 2 psychopathy
Factor 1 = Innate, inherited affective deficit, non-neuroticism, low anxiety, absence of delusions, no BPD features, good interpersonal functioning, poor perceptual capacity, good assertiveness
Factor 2 = opposite
What are the 5 dimensions of impulsivity in the UPPS-P used in the Gray et al study?
Negative Urgency - act rashly when strong -ve affect
Positive Urgency - act rashly when elated
(Lack of) premeditation
(Lack of) Perseveration - sticking to a task
Sensation seeking - need for novelty and excitement
Which factor are the dimensions of impulsivity of the UPPS-P positively correlated?
Factor 2
What are the critiques of the PCL-R?
The debate about whether ‘antisocial’ is a consequence of other personality features
Worry that PCL-R has become psychopathy and not a measure of it
Use of PCL-R in capital punishments
Hard to administer - training, time and need for file info
What are a few alternatives for the PCL-R?
Tri-PM
SRP4
PPI-R
What was the relationship shown between psychopathy and recidivism by Hart, Kropp and Hare?
Those that scored high in psychopathy were more likely to re-offend
What type of crime was associated with recidivism in psychopaths in Hart, Kropp and Hare’s study?
General rather than violent
HOWEVER violent crime was higher for those that scores high in psychopathy
What was the relationship shown in Woodworth and Porter’s study between psychopathy and murder?
Nearly all homicides committed by psychopaths were cold-blooded
This is more associated with Factor 1
What did Gray and Snowden’s study show about psychopathy measures on women?
Just as predictive of future crime and violence in women as they are for men
Results In Viding et al’s twin study of genetics and psychopathy?
Genetics accounts for 70% of the callous-emotional traits found the in the 7 year old twin pairs
This contribution was highest when combined with anti-social behaviour
What was the conclusion on parenting and callous-emotional traits in Wootton et al’s study?
There is no relationship between parenting and presence of these traits
HOWEVER
bad parenting was associated with conduct problems
In the study of Rice et al (1992) that looked at the effectiveness of their in-prison treatment programme by examining how many committed further crimes within two years of release, what did they find?
Treated people committed fewer crimes than untreated ones, unless they were psychopathic in which case the reverse was true.
Why might the treated psychopaths in Rice et al (1992) convict more after treatment?
Was voluntary so may have done it to try and get released quicker - manipulated
What did Hobson et al’s study find about how psychopaths behave in prison?
In groups; intellectualises, turns everything into a debate, lies, evasive, act as prison lawyer, blames others, dramatic outbursts, self-centrered
On Wing: seeks attention, manipulates others for own need, exploit loophole, target vulnerable staff, inflated sense of self importance, speaks at staff not to them
What do studies show about psychopaths and their sentences
Often get conditional release at a greater rate
Get more lenient sentences and gains permissions to appeal against these sentences
