Psychopathy pt 1

Question 1

What translated french term did Phillippe Pinel use to first describe the concept of a psychopathy?

Answer 1

Mania without delirium

Question 2

What checklist did Hare base the PCL and PCL-R on? How many characteristics did it have?

Answer 2

Clerkleys Checklist
16

Question 3

What 5 techniques can be used to assess psychopathy?

Answer 3

Clinical interview, DSM V, personality questionnaires, structured diagnosis and self-report measures

Question 4

What is the issue with using the DSM V to assess psychopathy?

Answer 4

It confuses ASPD and psychopathy due to some features of psychopathy being in the ‘associated features’ of ASPD

Question 5

What percentage of offenders reach the criterion for ASPD and what percentage for Psychopathy

Answer 5

ASPD = 60-80%
Psychopathy = 10-20%

Question 6

How is the PCL-R undertaken? What is the procedure?

Answer 6

Extensive file information needed, requires specialist training, interview form, 20 items with a scale of 0 (absent), 1 (maybe) and 2 (definitely) and gives a score of 0-40

Question 7

What are some examples of extensions of the PCL-R

Answer 7

PCL:SV (screening version), PCL:YV (Youth version), P-Scan and B-Scan

Question 8

What are the 2-factor subscales in the PCL-R

Answer 8

Factor 1: Interpersonal/Affective style
Factor 2: Behavioural lifestyle

Question 9

What are the more recent 4 factors identified by Hare & Neumann?

Answer 9

1. Affective
2. Interpersonal
3. Lifestyle
4. Antisocial

Question 10

What 4 characteristics of the PCL-R come under Affective?

Answer 10

lack of remorse/guilt
shallow effect
callous/lack of empathy
fail to accept responsibility

Question 11

What 4 characteristics of the PCL-R come under Interpersonal?

Answer 11

Grandiose sense of self-worth
glibness/artificial charm
pathological lying and
conning/manipulative

Question 12

What 4 characteristics of the PCL-R come under Lifestyle?

Answer 12

stimulation seeking
impulsivity
irresponsible
parasitic orientation
lack of realistic goals

Question 13

What 4 characteristics of the PCL-R come under Antisocial

Answer 13

poor behavioural controls
early behaviour problems
juvenile delinquency
revocation of conditional release
criminal versatility

Question 14

What are the 3 factors in the PPI- R

Answer 14

Fearless dominance, self-centered inhibition and coldheartedness

Question 15

What are the two factors of psychopathy described by Yildrim and Derksen

Answer 15

Primary - emotional deficiency
Secondary - emotional disturbance

Question 16

What are the main differences between Factor 1 and Factor 2 psychopathy

Answer 16

Factor 1 = Innate, inherited affective deficit, non-neuroticism, low anxiety, absence of delusions, no BPD features, good interpersonal functioning, poor perceptual capacity, good assertiveness
Factor 2 = opposite

Question 17

What are the 5 dimensions of impulsivity in the UPPS-P used in the Gray et al study?

Answer 17

Negative Urgency - act rashly when strong -ve affect
Positive Urgency - act rashly when elated
(Lack of) premeditation
(Lack of) Perseveration - sticking to a task
Sensation seeking - need for novelty and excitement

Question 18

Which factor are the dimensions of impulsivity of the UPPS-P positively correlated?

Answer 18

Factor 2

Question 19

What are the critiques of the PCL-R?

Answer 19

The debate about whether ‘antisocial’ is a consequence of other personality features
Worry that PCL-R has become psychopathy and not a measure of it
Use of PCL-R in capital punishments
Hard to administer - training, time and need for file info

Question 20

What are a few alternatives for the PCL-R?

Answer 20

Tri-PM
SRP4
PPI-R

Question 21

What was the relationship shown between psychopathy and recidivism by Hart, Kropp and Hare?

Answer 21

Those that scored high in psychopathy were more likely to re-offend

Question 22

What type of crime was associated with recidivism in psychopaths in Hart, Kropp and Hare’s study?

Answer 22

General rather than violent
HOWEVER violent crime was higher for those that scores high in psychopathy

Question 23

What was the relationship shown in Woodworth and Porter’s study between psychopathy and murder?

Answer 23

Nearly all homicides committed by psychopaths were cold-blooded
This is more associated with Factor 1

Question 24

What did Gray and Snowden’s study show about psychopathy measures on women?

Answer 24

Just as predictive of future crime and violence in women as they are for men

Question 25

Results In Viding et al’s twin study of genetics and psychopathy?

Answer 25

Genetics accounts for 70% of the callous-emotional traits found the in the 7 year old twin pairs
This contribution was highest when combined with anti-social behaviour

Question 26

What was the conclusion on parenting and callous-emotional traits in Wootton et al’s study?

Answer 26

There is no relationship between parenting and presence of these traits
HOWEVER
bad parenting was associated with conduct problems

Question 27

In the study of Rice et al (1992) that looked at the effectiveness of their in-prison treatment programme by examining how many committed further crimes within two years of release, what did they find?

Answer 27

Treated people committed fewer crimes than untreated ones, unless they were psychopathic in which case the reverse was true.

Question 28

Why might the treated psychopaths in Rice et al (1992) convict more after treatment?

Answer 28

Was voluntary so may have done it to try and get released quicker - manipulated

Question 29

What did Hobson et al’s study find about how psychopaths behave in prison?

Answer 29

In groups; intellectualises, turns everything into a debate, lies, evasive, act as prison lawyer, blames others, dramatic outbursts, self-centrered

On Wing: seeks attention, manipulates others for own need, exploit loophole, target vulnerable staff, inflated sense of self importance, speaks at staff not to them

Question 30

What do studies show about psychopaths and their sentences

Answer 30

Often get conditional release at a greater rate
Get more lenient sentences and gains permissions to appeal against these sentences