Psychopathology: The Cognitive Explanation & Treatment Of Depression TW COPY Flashcards
The term ‘cognitive’ refers to…?
Internal mental processes / the way we think
The cognitive approach suggests depression is caused by…
Negative and irrational thoughts
A student has written the following answer:
“Negative and irrational thoughts cause depression”
Is this correct, or incorrect? Why?
Incorrect - negative and irrational thoughts make someone vulnerable to depression
Which cognitive psychologist suggested that vulnerability to depression is caused by irrational thoughts?
Ellis
Which cognitive psychologist suggested that vulnerability to depression is caused by negative thoughts ?
Beck
Beck’s model of depressive vulnerability is known as…
The negative triad
Ellis’ model of depressive vulnerability is known as…
The ABC model
Beck suggests that consistent ____________ makes a person vulnerable to depression
Negative thinking
Beck’s explanation of depression comes from which psychological approach?
Cognitive
How many kinds of negative thinking cause someone to be vulnerable to depression ?
3
“I will never achieve anything” is an example of what type of negative view?
Negative view about the future
“The world is a hard place” is an example of what type of negative view ?
Negative view about the world
“I hate myself” is an example of what kind of negative view ?
Negative views about oneself
Beck’s negative triad make someone…
Vulnerable to depression
Ellis’ ABC model emphasises the role of ….
Irrational thoughts
According to Ellis, irrational thoughts interfere with …
Us being happy
According to Ellis, the loss of a job would act as …
An activating event
What can an activating event do, according to Ellis?
Trigger irrational beliefs
According to Ellis, two types of irrational beliefs are…
Musterbation and utopianism
According to Ellis, vulnerability to depression is the __________ of the irrational beliefs
Consequence
“The world should be fair” is an example of what irrational belief
Utopianism
What is an example of a utopianist thought?
The world should be fair
What is an example of a musterbatory thought
I must always achieve perfection
“I must always achieve perfection” is an example of what type of belief?
Musterbation
Beck’s explanation of depression focuses on what type of thoughts
Negative
Ellis’ explanation of depression focuses on what type of thoughts
Irrational
Irrational thoughts are associated with which psychologists cognitive explanation of depression?
Ellis
Negative thoughts are associated with which cognitive psychologist’s explanation of depression
Beck
Why are Beck and Ellis’ explanations of depression an important part of applied psychology?
As they have been used to develop treatments; CBT
What is the problem with the cognitive approaches suggestion that depressive vulnerability is caused by negative / irrational thoughts?
Cause & effect cannot be established
CBT stands for…
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
What is the cognitive aim of CBT?
Identify and challenge negative and irrational thoughts and turn them into more positive ones
What is the behavioural aim of CBT?
To put more effective behaviours in place
What is one strategy used to challenge irrational or negative thoughts ?
Empirical / disputing
In empirical disupting, the therapist will ask for ___________
Evidence
What two things will the therapist ask clients to complete during CBT?
Homework & diary
What is the purpose of the patient completing homework and a diary during CBT?
To test the reality of / to challenge their beliefs
What is the behavioural strategy in CBT known as?
Behavioural activation
What is the aim of the behavioural component of CBT?
Put more effective behaviours in place
How is behavioural activation completed?
Encouraging the individual to be more active
How is behavioural activation completed?
Encouraging the individual to be more active
What effect does behavioural activation on the negative thoughts associated with depression?
Improves mood, so reduces negative thoughts
Who conducted research into the effectiveness of CBT ?
March (2007)
What group of people did March investigate ?
Adolescents with depression
What % did March find had improved following CBT ?
81 %
What % did March find had improved following CBT and anti-depressants ?
86%
Why does empirical disputing require motivation and commitment?
As patients have to complete homework over a long period of time
Why may empirical disputing be an inappropriate strategy to use with someone who suffers from depression ?
As individuals with depression often lack motivation
Is CBT:
A) Past and present focused
B) Past and future focused
C) Present and future focused
C) Present and future focused
Why may the fact CBT is present and future focused be a problem for those with depression?
As they be aware of an issue in their past which they may want to discuss
