Psychopathology: The Behavioural Explanation Of Phobias - The Two Process Model DS Flashcards
The behaviourist approach would say that Phobias are a _____??___ behaviour?
Learned
What 2 things make up the two process model?
Classical and operant conditioning
Classical and Operant conditioning are also called what?
The two process model
Classical conditioning involves learning to ________________ something of which we initially have no fear of with something that already triggers a fear response.
Associate
Classical conditioning involves learning to associate something of which we initially have no fear of (_____________________) with something that already triggers a fear response (unconditioned stimulus).
a neutral stimulus
Classical conditioning involves learning to associate something of which we initially have no fear of (a neutral stimulus) with something that already triggers a fear response (_____________________).
unconditioned stimulus
What were the Psychologists called that conducted the Little Albert study?
Watson and Raynor
How old was little Albert?
9 month old
In the little Albert Study what was the Neutral Stimulus?
Rat
In the little Albert Study what was the Conditioned Stimulus?
Rat
In the little Albert Study what was the Unconditioned Stimulus?
Loud Bang/ Noise
In the little Albert Study what was the Unconditioned Response?
Fear
In the little Albert Study what was the Conditioned Response?
Fear
In the little Albert Study what does Little Albert associate together?
The rat with fear
What did they use in the Little Albert Study to create the loud bang
An Iron Bar
Acquisition by classical conditioning means what?
To get something through Classical Conditioning
Maintenance through operant conditioning means what?
To keep the phobias through Operant conditioning
What Psychologist proposed phobias are initially learnt through classical conditioning then maintained through operant conditioning?
Mowrer
Operant conditioning is how people maintain a phobia but how?
Through negative reinforcement eg) avoidance
By avoiding places etc where people may see their phobic stimulus this reduces what?
Anxiety
Operant conditioning is how we _______ a phobia
maintain
Little alberts fear of rats also went onto similar objects.. can you name one?
fur coat, beard, santa clause mask
Phobias can be long lasting - but what do people do that means this is the case?
Avoid the phobic stimulus
A fear response is triggered from a person every time they _____ or _____ about the phobic stimulus
See or think
If you don’t use Watson and Raynor Little Albert as AO1 what can you use it as?
AO3 Research to support
The behaviourist approach to explaining a phobia can be criticised for environmental reductionism. This is because it reduces the complex human behaviour of phobias down to the simple basic units of …..
learning phobias through stimulus, response and associations between a neutral stimulus and a unconditioned stimulus, and maintaining a phobia through reinforcements.
The behavioural approach to explaining phobias (two-process model) has practical applications but what is it?
This theory has been used to create the treatment; systematic desensitisation.
In a reductionist PEEL what do you also have to refer to in the second E of your PEEL
That it neglects the Holistic approach
In a reductionist PEEL - what does the link need to link back to
The Behavioural explanation (two-process model) of phobias may lack internal validity, as it does not allow us to understand the behaviour in context.
An alternative approach to explaining phobias (other than the behavioral approach) is called what?
The evolutionary approach
