Memory: Improving The Accuracy Of Eyewitness Testimony - The Cognitive Interview - JWW Flashcards
The police use which type of interview to gain the most accurate eyewitness testimonies?
The Cognitive Interview
What does the cognitive interview facilitate in terms of eyewitness testimony?
Most accurate EWT
What type of questions are used in a cognitive interview?
Open
Open questions are used so witnesses can … on their own answers
Expand
What type of questions are NOT used in a cognitive interview?
Closed/Leading Questions
Who created the cognitive interview?
Fisher & Geiselman
Name the 4 techniques in the cognitive interview:
Recall Everything
Context Reinstatement
Recall in Reverse
Recall from a Changed Perspective
How many techniques does the cognitive interview contain?
4
In recall everything, witnesses are encouraged to recall all details including…
trivial details
What may trivial details do to an eyewitness testimony?
Trigger recall/memories
Participants are encouraged to recall all details of the event including minor/trivial details - what technique is this?
Recall Everything
Asking a witness to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime is which technique of the cognitive interview?
Context Reinstatement
In context reinstatement, witnesses are asked to mentally place themselves where?
At the scene of the crime
When mentally placing themselves back at the scene of the crime, what 2 factors are witnesses asked to report on?
What they can see
How they felt (emotion)
Asking a witness how they felt on the morning prior to a crime e.g. a robbery is an example of what technique?
Context Reinstatement
What type of cue does asking the participant to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime and report on what they could see trigger?
External cues
What type of reinstatement does asking the participant to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime and report on what they could see trigger?
Context
What type of cue does asking the participant to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime and report on what they felt?
Internal Cues
What type of reinstatement does asking the participant to mentally place themselves back at the scene of the crime and report on what they felt?
Context Reinstatement
In recall in reverse, the witness is asked to report what happened in a different
Chronological order
What technique of the cognitive interview is asking the witness to recall events of the crime in a different chronological order?
Recall in Reverse
What is prevented by asking the witness to recall in a different chronological order?
Schema/Expectations
What is it harder for the witness to do when recalling in reverse?
Lie
Which 2 techniques of the cognitive interview are effective in preventing schema/expectations?
Recall in Reverse
Recall from a Changed Perspective
Which technique of the cognitive interview is asking the witness to recall the crime from another person’s perspective e.g. the perpetrator?
Recall from changed perspective
Recall from changed perspective asks the witness to recall the event from….
Another person’s perspective
Recalling the events of a crime from another person’s perspective is effective in preventing?
Schema/Expectations
What technique is the following question from in the cognitive interview:
‘Start from the beginning, what happened the morning of the robbery?’
Recall Everything
What technique is the following question from in the cognitive interview:
‘Close your eyes, what do you see? What was the weather like//how were you feeling when the robbers entered the bank?’
Context Reinstatement
What technique is the following question from in the cognitive interview:
‘Tell us what happened from when the police arrived at the bank back to the beginning of the day’
Recall in Reverse
What technique is the following question from in the cognitive interview:
‘Imagine you are the bank robber, what did you see?’
Recall from a Changed Perspective
