Psychopathology - The behavioural explanation to treating phobias Flashcards
How do behavioural therapies help treat phobias?
Therapies counter condition phobias, replacing the fear association with a relaxation/ calm association
What is reciprocal inhibition ?
the assumption that fear and relaxation cannot co-exist
What does systematic desensitisation involve? What is the end result?
- Teaches relaxation techniques like breathing exercises
- Progresses through an anxiety hierarchy created by the client and the therapist from least feared presentation to most
A stepped approach is used, the client relaxing at each stage. This gradual exposure leads to the extinction of the fear association
What does flooding involve?
Flooding involves an immediate and full exposure to the maximum level of the phobic stimulus. This will temporarily panic the client and they may attempt to escape (in order to reduce anxiety)
What is the aim of flooding?
Shows people there is nothing to be afraid of
How does the clinician help the client during flooding?
The clinician will help the client if they try to escape until temporary panic has stopped due to exhaustion and the client is calm in the presence of the phobic stimulus
What are the strengths of systematic desensitisation?
Seen as more ethical and generally more successful with a higher completion rate as the participant is in control.
Avoids using drugs which create a dependency => does not directly address the issue, only makes a problem
Why might flooding not be suitable?
Not suitable for vulnerable people and can result in negative reinforcement if ended prematurely
What is a limitation of behavioural therapies treating phobias ?
While both therapies are effective in the clinical setting, often the effect is not generalised to the outside world. A clinic is a specialised environment with the help of a clinician.
