Psychopathology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is depression?

A

Mood disorder

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2
Q

What is a phobia?

A

Anxiety disorder- instances of irrational fears that produce a conscious avoidance of the feared object or situation.

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3
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of being trapped in a public place where escape is difficult

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4
Q

What is OCD?

A

Anxiety disorder with two components:

1) compulsions (repetitive behaviours)
2) obsessions (persistent thoughts)

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5
Q

Cognitive characteristics of depression

A

A diminished ability to concentrate and a tendency to focus on the negative.
Recurrent thoughts of self-harm, death or suicide.
Often slower in making decisions as they may find it difficult to pay attention.

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6
Q

Behavioural characteristics of depression

A

Loss of energy- sufferers often experience a reduction in energy and constantly feel tired.
Sleep disturbance- hypersomnia or insomnia
Changes in appetite- either eat more or eat less, resulting in weight loss or weight gain

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7
Q

Emotional characteristics of depression

A

Depressed mood, feelings of worthlessness and lack of interest and pleasure in all activities.
Some sufferers experience anger, either directed at others or themselves, which can result in self-harming behaviours

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8
Q

Cognitive characteristics of phobias

A
  • An irrational nature of the person’s thinking
  • Resistance to rational arguments
  • Recognises fear is excessive or irrational (this may be absent in children). This distinguishes a phobia from a delusional mental illness where the person isn’t aware of its irrationality, like schizophrenia.
  • Selective attention towards the phobic stimulus
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9
Q

Behavioural characteristics of phobias

A
  • freeze or faint
  • avoidance of the feared situation interferes with the person’s life- their occupation, routine and relationships
  • this distinguishes phobias from every day fears which don’t interfere with normal day-to-day living
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10
Q

Emotional characteristics of phobias

A
  • persistent fear, likely to be excessive and unreasonable
  • anxiety and panic
  • these are caused by the anticipation of a specific object/situation and are out of proportion to the actual danger posed.
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11
Q

Cognitive characteristics of OCD

A
  • Obsessive thoughts may include: fear of safety, by leaving doors or windows open; religious fears, from being immoral and fear of contamination, by dirt or germs.
  • Sufferers may adopt cognitive strategies, for example those with religious obsessions may pray over and over, to reduce their feelings of being immoral.
  • Sufferers are aware their obsessions and compulsions are irrational and experience selective attention towards the anxiety-generating stimuli
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12
Q

Behavioural characteristics of OCD

A

Compulsions- repetitive behaviours that sufferers feel compelled to complete. They are used to manage or reduce anxiety and are a response to the obsessions.

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13
Q

Emotional characteristics of OCD

A
  • Anxiety caused by the obsessions which are forbidden/persistent thoughts and ideas
  • Some sufferers experience depression as the anxiety experienced can result in a low mood and loss of pleasure in daily activities due to being constantly interrupted by obsessive thoughts and repetitive compulsions.
  • Irrational guilt
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