Psychopathology Flashcards
Essential features of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Social communication and interaction are restricted; repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
Autism: Restrictive repetitive patterns of behavior, interest, or activities (3)
- Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines or ritualized patterns of behavior
- Highly restricted, fixated interest
- Hyper or hyperactivity to sensory input
Autism: Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as manifested by (3)
- Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
- Nonverbal communicative behaviors for social interaction
- Developing, maintaining and understanding relationships
Substance Use Disorder
A problematic pattern of use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
Somatic Symptom Disorder (8)
- Presence of one or more somatic symptoms that cause distress or impairment in daily living.
- Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms.
- Disproportionate thoughts about seriousness of the symptoms.
- Persistent high levels of anxiety related to symptoms or health
- Devotes excessive amount of time to health
- Although any one somatic symptom may not be continuously present, the state of being symptomatic is persistent (typically more than 6 months)
- Excessive somatic concerns must persist for at least 6 months
- Diagnostic specifiers: With predominant pain (replaces pain disorder) Persistent (severe symptoms, marked impairment and long duration >6 months) Severity: Mild, moderate, severe
Essential feature of any anxiety disorder
Anticipation of future threat that brings excessive fear
Adjustment Disorder
Criteria include: Development of emotional or behavioral problems in response to an identifiable stressor occurring within 3 months of expose to the stressor (core feature of adjustment disorders)
Symptoms or behaviors are clinically significant and out of proportion to the severity of the stressor once cultural and contextual factors are taken into account
Stress response in adjustment disorder
Cannot be better accounted for by another disorder and is not an exacerbation of preexisting condition.
Is not indicative of normal bereavement (if this is the precipitating event).
Once the stressor is removed, the symptoms do not persist for more than 6 additional months
Essential features of depressive disorders
presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual’s ability to function
Essential features of personality disorders
- Enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior
- deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture
- pervasive and inflexible
- onset in adolescence or early adulthood
- stable over time
- leads to distress or impairment.
Essential features of bipolar disorders
Characterized by at least one episode of either hypomania (bipolar 2) or mania (bipolar 1) followed by a swing into at least one depressive episode
Bipolar II
Major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes
One in 10 bipolar II patients eventually develops a full manic or mixed episode (Bipolar 1)
Cyclothymia
- For at least 2 years (1 in children and adolescents)
- Numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for hypomanic episode
- Present at least 1/2 the time and not without for longer than 2 months
- Criteria for major depressive, manic or hypomanic episode have never been met
- Very under diagnosed
Manic Episode Criteria
- A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy,
- lasting at least 1 week and present for most of the day, nearly every day.
- During this period three of the following symptoms have persisted representing a noticeable change from usual behavior:
A. inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative, flight of ideas, distractibility, increased goal-directed activity, or excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences. - The episode is sufficiently severe to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features.
Hypomanic
- Parallel symptoms to manic episode
- Symptoms only need to last for 4 days
- Need to show a distinct, observable change in functioning
- Characteristic of Bipolar II disorder
- Differences from Manic Episode
a. Length of time
b. Impairment not as severe
c. May not be viewed by the individual as pathological but others may be troubled by erratic behavior
