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Pschology- Paper 1 > Psychopathology > Flashcards

Psychopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is attachment?

A

A deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another.

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2
Q

Who proposed the attachment theory?

A

John Bowlby.

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3
Q

What are the four types of attachment styles identified by Mary Ainsworth?

A

Secure, insecure avoidant, insecure-resistant, and disorganized.

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4
Q

What is the Strange Situation?

A

A procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and a child.

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5
Q

What happens when caregivers leave secure children

A

Securely attached children are upset when their caregiver leaves but are easily comforted upon their return.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: insecure-resistant attachment is characterized by ___ behavior in children.

A

clingy and dependent.

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7
Q

What behavior is typical of children with insecure-avoidant attachment?

A

They tend to avoid or ignore the caregiver and show little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns.

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8
Q

What is disorganized attachment?

A

A type of attachment characterized by a lack of a clear attachment behavior, often seen in children who have experienced trauma.

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9
Q

What role does a caregiver’s responsiveness play in attachment?

A

Responsive caregiving fosters secure attachment, while unresponsive caregiving can lead to insecure attachment styles.

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10
Q

What is the internal working model in attachment theory?

A

A mental representation of self and others developed from early interactions with caregivers.

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11
Q

True or False: Attachment styles can change over time.

A

True.

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12
Q

What is the primary focus of Bowlby’s attachment theory?

A

The importance of the relationship between a child and their primary caregiver.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which attachment style is most associated with positive social and emotional outcomes?

A

A) Secure attachment.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Children with ___ attachment may display fear or confusion in the presence of their caregiver.

A

disorganized.

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15
Q

What are the long-term effects of secure attachment in childhood?

A

Better emotional regulation, social skills, and resilience in adulthood.

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16
Q

What is the main research method used in Ainsworth’s study of attachment?

A

Observational study.

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17
Q

True or False: Insecure attachment can lead to difficulties in relationships later in life.

A

True.

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18
Q

What is the significance of the caregiver’s sensitivity to a child’s needs?

A

It significantly influences the type of attachment style the child develops.

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19
Q

What is a key characteristic of securely attached children?

A

They feel safe to explore their environment.

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which attachment style is likely to lead to a child being overly clingy?

A

B) Anxious-ambivalent.

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21
Q

What did Mary Main contribute to attachment theory?

A

She introduced the concept of disorganized attachment.

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22
Q

What is the primary focus of attachment theory in adults?

A

How early attachment experiences influence adult relationships.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The ___ is a measure of adult attachment styles.

A

Adult Attachment Interview (AAI).

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24
Q

What is the difference between secure and insecure attachment?

A

Secure attachment is characterized by trust and comfort with intimacy, while insecure attachment involves anxiety or avoidance in relationships.

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25
Q

True or False: Attachment theory only applies to parent-child relationships.

A

False.

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26
Q

What can influence a child’s attachment style aside from the caregiver’s behavior?

A

Environmental factors, including stability, trauma, and socio-economic status.

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27
Q

What is the effect of maternal depression on attachment?

A

It can lead to insecure attachment styles in children.

28
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of attachment style?

A

C) Socially avoidant.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The concept of ___ refers to the emotional bond that develops between a child and their caregiver.

A

attachment.

30
Q

What does the term ‘attachment behavior’ refer to?

A

Actions by the child that promote proximity to the caregiver, such as crying or clinging.

31
Q

True or False: Attachment styles can affect mental health outcomes.

A

True.

32
Q

What is the impact of a secure attachment on a child’s future relationships?

A

They are more likely to form healthy, trusting relationships.

33
Q

What does the term ‘separation anxiety’ indicate?

A

A child’s distress when separated from their primary caregiver.

34
Q

What is the role of play in attachment?

A

Play is a way for children to express their attachment needs and feelings.

35
Q

Multiple Choice: What type of attachment is characterized by inconsistent caregiving?

A

A) Anxious-ambivalent.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: Secure attachment is often linked to ___ parenting.

A

sensitive.

37
Q

What is the link between attachment and empathy?

A

Secure attachment is associated with higher levels of empathy in children.

38
Q

True or False: Children with disorganized attachment show clear patterns of behavior.

A

False.

39
Q

What is the significance of the ‘secure base’ concept?

A

It refers to how a caregiver provides a safe haven from which a child can explore the world.

40
Q

What is the impact of inconsistent caregiving on attachment?

A

It can lead to anxious-ambivalent or disorganized attachment styles.

41
Q

Multiple Choice: Which attachment style is characterized by a lack of trust?

A

C) Anxious-avoidant.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: Children with secure attachment tend to have better ___ skills.

A

social.

43
Q

What is the role of fathers in attachment theory?

A

Fathers also play a crucial role in attachment and can influence the child’s attachment style.

44
Q

True or False: Attachment styles are fixed and cannot change.

A

False.

45
Q

What is the ‘attachment system’?

A

A biologically based system that motivates infants to seek proximity to caregivers.

46
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of attachment is often seen in children who have experienced neglect?

A

D) Disorganized.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The quality of attachment can influence a child’s ___ development.

A

emotional.

48
Q

What is the purpose of the Adult Attachment Interview?

A

To assess an individual’s attachment style and how it relates to their childhood experiences.

49
Q

True or False: Securely attached individuals are generally more satisfied in their relationships.

A

True.

50
Q

What is the significance of early attachment experiences?

A

They shape future relationship patterns and emotional well-being.

51
Q

Multiple Choice: Which attachment style is often associated with emotional dysregulation?

A

B) Anxious-ambivalent.

52
Q

Fill in the blank: A secure attachment fosters a sense of ___ in children.

A

safety.

53
Q

What does it mean if a child exhibits avoidant behavior towards a caregiver?

A

It may indicate an anxious-avoidant attachment style.

54
Q

True or False: Attachment theory has implications for understanding adult romantic relationships.

A

True.

55
Q

What is the relationship between attachment and resilience?

A

Secure attachment is linked to greater resilience in the face of adversity.

56
Q

What role does culture play in attachment styles?

A

Cultural norms can influence caregiving practices and perceptions of attachment.

57
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of anxious-avoidant attachment?

A

A) Emotional distance.

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The term ___ refers to the emotional and physical closeness between a caregiver and child.

A

bonding.

59
Q

What is the effect of secure attachment on cognitive development?

A

It is associated with better cognitive outcomes and learning abilities.

60
Q

True or False: Children with insecure attachments are more likely to experience behavioral problems.

A

True.

61
Q

What is the impact of trauma on attachment?

A

Trauma can disrupt secure attachment and lead to insecure attachment styles.

62
Q

Multiple Choice: Which attachment style is most likely to result in a child being overly independent?

A

C) Anxious-avoidant.

63
Q

Fill in the blank: Children with ___ attachment may struggle with self-esteem issues.

A

insecure.

64
Q

What is the connection between attachment and mental health?

A

Insecure attachment is linked to higher rates of anxiety and depression.

65
Q

True or False: Attachment styles developed in childhood can influence parenting styles.

A

True.

Pschology- Paper 1 (6 decks)

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