Flashcars

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1. Caregiver-Infant

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Interactions

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poorted oy control led lab studies inch rel ability)

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2. Stages of Attachment (Schaffer & Emerson

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1964)

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: Cultural bias (based on Western

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nuclear fam

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ating

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ih of geese eggs: one group hatched naturally with the mother

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the other in an incubator where Lorenz was the first moving object they saw

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ttachment in mammals is more complex and influenced by emotional bonds.

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eys spised without

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earning Theory (Dollard & Miller

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1950)

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keys ta sed with two surrocate mothers. wire mother with tood us. cloth mother without tood!

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Jamage (e.g

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aggression

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ssociated with tood lus 9 ck.

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imitation. Contradicted by Manow monkeys preterred comtont over tood.

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imengi: Explains artistonent formation interns of oser able bear ins

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servable in human infants).

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sternal eriking odet Eary stachment forms arena schema for hot develtinships.

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-world applicaton in chia care leg.

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aboption policies stess forming carly bonas

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vation with 7 episodes (e.g

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infant alone

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int (Type 8): Confident to explore but seeks comfort from c

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20-23ver; moderate anxiety (60-75%).

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tant (Type C): High clinginess

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extreme distress

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imitation: Imposed etic-Strance Situation reflects Western ideals ot attachment (e.a. independence valued in Germany..

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• attachment was most common across cultures (e.g

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/0% Un

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7. Bowlby's Theory of Maternal Deprivation

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itinuous care from the mother is essential for normal development: separation dunng the critcal period leads to irreversible harm.

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alection less psychopathy - an inability to form bonds or empathy).

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diagnosed as affectionless psychopaths

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12 of whom had prolonged separation

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Evanga Practica apicaton inhospit podies arent alone stay in chiden)

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8. Effects of Institutionalisation

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Finite

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study of Romanian orphans adopted in the UK.

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is adopted after 6 months showed disinhibited attachment (cingy

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attention-seeking

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ition may play a role).

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9. Early Attachment and Later Relationships

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Internal Working Model:

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Hazy ata shaver (9 inuences adult relationships.

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uals had healthier relationships compared to insecurely attached

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gun. Provides insight into now early experiences Shape aduit felatonsnaps

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Limitation: Correlational; cannot prove causation between early attachment and adult behavior

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Exam Strategy

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-N .

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3. Compare and Contrast E.g

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Bowlby's monotropy vs. Schaffer's multiple attachments.

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Attachment - Study Summary Table

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Study

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Lorenz (1935)

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Harlow (1958)

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Bowlby (1969)

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Ainsworth (1970)

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Van lizendoorn & Kroonenberg

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-1988

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Bowlby (1988)

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Findings

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Imprinting in geese-young

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biras followed the virst movinal

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oo ect they saw a numan.

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Infant monkeys preferred soft

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surrogate mother over wire

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mother with food.

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Developed Monotropic Theory

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emphasizing the primary

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attachment figure and internal

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working models.

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Developed Strange Situation: 3

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attachment types identified

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"secure, insecure-avoid ank insecure-amoralent Meta-analysis of Strange Situation studies: variations in attachment styles across cultures Maternal Deprivation Hypothesislong-tern emotional damage from Relevance Supports biological basis of attachment: critical period fol imorinuine Shows the importance of comfort in attachment, not just food. Foundation of attachment theory, focus on the primary careerver Jo ented amerent attachment styles in children and their impact Cultural variations in attachment patterns (e.g., Japan vs. USA). Links early attachment to emotional development anc later mental health.