psychopathology Flashcards
Broadly, what are the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders?
a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological symptoms showing a person continues to use substances despite experiencing significant problems associated with usage; must have two or more symptoms within a year
What are the the three types of substance-induced disorders?
substance intoxication, substance withdrawal, and substance-induced mental disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, etc.)
What is a primary difference between substance use and substance-abuse disorders?
Often the symptoms of substance-induced disorders may full resolve upon abstaining from substance abuse; substance abuse is a more chronic condition although many people do go into remission from these disorders.
What disorder occurs when an individual who is not under the influence of any substances begins re-experiencing the effects (e.g., has flashbacks) from hallucinogenic drug use?
hallucinogen persisting perceptual disorder
What type of disorder can result in significant decline within one or more cognitive domains that then inhibits daily function, arising secondary to alcohol abuse?
alcohol-induced neurocognitive disorder
Korsakoff syndrome is characterized by what symptoms?
amnestic-confabulatory diagnosis; encompasses both anterograde (new memories) and retrograde (historical) amnesias as well as confabulation
On a biological level, what is Korsakoff syndrome believed to be driven by?
thiamine deficiency
What interventions occur when a Community Reinforcement Approach is used to treat a substance use disorder?
principles of operant conditioning; patients are encouraged to arrange their lifestyles in a healthy and drug-free manner
Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training (CRAFT) is an adjunct treatment for CRA and involves what type of interventions?
family members or concerned significant others are provided with tools to help urge the identified patient into treatment, reduce risk from substance abuse consequences, and improve coping skills to deal with effects of loved one’s actions
Within the Voucher-Based Reinforcement Therapy (VBRT) model, what would a patient experience?
they would be provided with vouchers redeemable for desirable goods and services within the community as a reward for accomplishing a treatment goal
What is one drawback or criticism of Voucher-Based Reinforcement Therapy (VBRT)?
therapeutic effects may be short-term and once vouchers are no longer available/patients have graduated, they are at increased risk for relapse
What interventions constitute Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF) as a substance abuse treatment?
patients are asked to rate their own level/frequency of engagement of a behavior (e.g., alcohol consumption) as compared with that of their peers, then are provided feedback via the “true” level of behavioral engagement of their peers; works to minimize denial with hopes that a realistic perception will help to decrease the undesired behavior
Under what model of substance abuse treatment, a patient’s lapse would be a reflection of high-risk circumstances that immediately preceded the lapse?
Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT)
Relapse Prevention Therapy targets substance abuse risk through use of which five interventions?
improve patients’ coping skills, enhance self-efficacy, challenge myths about the benefits of substance use, cognitive restructuring about lapses (e.g., decrease guilt/failure feelings), and implementing lifestyle changes to reduce risk
What insights were demonstrated by the results of a study known as Project MATCH?
patients will be most effective in decreasing or ceasing substance abuse when the treatment type matches their underlying issues (e.g., patient within a social context whereby alcohol use is normalized will benefit most from AA)
