Psychopathology Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the 4 definitions of abnormality
STATISTICAL INFREQUENCY- less common
DEVIATION FROM SOCIAL NORMS- specific to cultures, different from accepted standards of behaving
DEVIATION FROM IDEAL MENTAL HEALTH- doesn’t meet set criteria for good mental health
FAILURE TO FUNCTION ADEQUATELY- unable to cope with normal day to day life
What is agoraphobia
Phobia of being outside in a public place
Behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics of a phobia
BEHAVIOURAL-panic, avoidance, endurance
EMOTIONAL-anxiety, fear, unreasonable emotional response
COGNITIVE-selective attention, irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions
Behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics of depression
BEHAVIOURAL- activity levels low, disruption to eating, aggression
EMOTIONAL- low mood, anger, low self esteem
COGNITIVE- poor concentration, dwelling on neg, absolutist thinking
Behavioural, emotional and cognitive characteristics of OCD
BEHAVIOURAL- repetitive compulsions, compulsions reduce anxiety, avoidance
EMOTIONAL- anxiety, depression, guilt/disgust
COGNITIVE- obsessive thought, coping strategies, insight into excessive anxiety
Behavioural approach to explaining phobias
Two process model- acquired through classical conditioning and maintained by operant conditioning
What are the behavioural approaches to treating phobias
SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION- counterconditioning, gradually revise phobic anxiety n learn a different response
Involved anxiety hierarchy and relaxation (reciprocal inhibition)
FLOODING- immediately exposing to phobia, no option of avoidance (extinction)
Not ethical but aloud if informed consent given
What is the cognitive approach to explaining something
How mental thought processes of beliefs affect our behaviours
What does becks negative triad explain and what is a negative triad
Explains why some people are more vulnerable to developing depression
Negative triad are negative thoughts about the world, future and themselves
What is faulty information processing
Attend to the negatives of a situation and ignore the positives
What is a negative self schema
Package of information about themselves that is negative and they interpret all information in a negative way
What does Ellis’s ABC model suggest
Rational thinking leads to good mental health and irrational thinking leads to depression as it stops us from being happy
What does the ABC mean in Ellis’s ABC model
A= activating event that triggers depression as it triggers irrational beliefs
B= beliefs that are irrational/ beliefs that we must always succeed (musturbation)
C= consequence, emotional and behavioural consequences of these beliefs
What is the cognitive approach to treating depression
Improving mental processes to improve mental health
What are the two ways of treating depression
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT)
What is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Client and therapist work together to identify goals,
put a plan together to achieve them
and identify irrational beliefs/thoughts
What is the behavioural element of CBT
Putting more effective behaviours in place
What is rational emotive behavioural therapy (REBT)
Extends ABCDE
D=dispute
E=effect
Identify and dispute (challenge) negative irrational beliefs
Effect= breaking the link between activating event and the depression
What are the two different arguments involved in REBT
Empirical argument= use actual evidence to combat belief
Logical argument= use logical reasoning
What is behavioural activation
Working with depressed people to decrease their avoidance and isolation and increase their engagement
What’s the genetic explanation to OCD
Has a Stronger biological component
Genres are involved in a individuals vulnerability to ocd
What is the diathesis stress model
Certain genes leave people more likely to develop a mental health disorder
What are candidate genes
Associated with vulnerability
What does polygenetic mean
Combo of several genes causes
