psychopathology Flashcards
what is anxiety
a negative state of high arousal
what is cultural bias
the tendency to judge people in terms of one’s own cultural assumptions
what culture is the DSM
american western
what are the 4 definitions of abnormality
statistical deviation, deviation from social norms, failure to function adequately, deviation from ideal mental health
what is statistical deviation
when a persons behaviour is statistically rare
what is the real life example of statistical deviation
intellectual disability disorder-
average IQ is 100 most ranging from 85-115
only 2% of pop have an IQ of below 70 (statistically rare)
diagnosis of IDD
what is the evaluation of statistical deviation
easy to analyse but no detail or understanding of patient and experiences too simplistic
statistically common mental illnesses such as depression(1 in 6) doesn’t work
cut off point too fine sometimes people do not get help needed eg someone with IQ of 71 no help
what is deviation from social norms
when a persons behaviour deviates from the unwritten rules of a society
what is an example of deviation from social norms
homosexuality-
regarded as a mental illness until 1973
deviated from the norm of heterosexuality
what is the evaluation of deviation from social norms
social norms differ between cultures and they change over time and in places
some social groups have been discriminated against and suffered social exclusion
norms are context dependent
cultural bias
what is failure to function adequately
when someone is unable to cope with the demands of everyday life and this causes them suffering
what is the example of failure to function adequately
intellectual disability disorder
came after statistical deviation
they are paired / grouped
what is the evaluation for failure to function adequately
more of a well rounded diagnosis with both this and stat dev
neither on own are good
too subjective in nature- many factors do not take into account individual experiences- eg travelling- no home but not suffering
what is deviation from ideal mental health
abnormal if you don’t have perfect mental health and do not meet set of criteria
what is the criteria for “deviation from ideal mental health”
Marie Jahoda(1958)
• We have no symptoms or distress.
• We are rational and can perceive ourselves accurately.
•We self-actualise (reach our potential.
• We can cope with stress.
• We have a realistic view of the world.
• We have good self-esteem and lack guilt.
- We are independent of other people (autonomy)
•We can successfully work, love and enjoy our leisure
(envirommental
mastery)
what is the evaluation for deviation from the idea mental health
too unrealistic criteria - everyone copes with stress
don’t know when reached self actualisation
cultural bias
based on western ideal some cultures are collectivist eg china and rural japan so not independent
cant judge behaviour universally
what is depression
a mood disorder
what is ocd
an internal thought ( obsession) which causes anxiety
compulsion- repetitive and rigid behaviour to reduce the anxiety
how common is schizophrenia
1in 100
what are the DSM and ICD
diagnostic manuals
what are the behavioural symptoms of phobias
panic ( crying screaming running away )
avoidance
endurance ( alternative to avoidance)
what are the emotional symptoms of phobias
anxiety ( unpleasant state of high arousal )
fear ( immediate and unpleasant response)
what are the cognitive symptoms of phobias
selective attention to the phobic stimulus ( fixated)
irrational beliefs - unfounded thoughts
cognitive distortion (inaccurate and unrealistic perceptions)
what is a phobia
and irrational fear of an object or situation