Psychopathology

Question 1

What are the four types of abnormality?

Answer 1

• Deviation from ideal mental health
• Deviation from social norms
• Failure to function adequately
• Statistical infrequency

Question 2

Name some of Jahoda’s criteria for deviation from ideal mental health?

Answer 2

• We have no symptoms or distress
• We are rational with an accurate perception of reality
• We can self-actualise
• We can cope with stress
• We have a realistic view of the world
• We have good self esteem and lack guilt
• We are independent of other people
• We can successfully love, work and enjoy leisure

Question 3

What are the three types of symptoms for phobias

Answer 3

• Emotional
• Cognitive
• Behavioural

Question 4

What are the 3 cognitive symptoms of phobias

Answer 4

Selective attention to phobic stimulus

Irrational beliefs

Cognitive distortion

Question 5

What are the 3 behavioural symptoms of phobias

Answer 5

Panic

Avoidance

Endurance

Question 6

What are the 3 emotional symptoms of phobias

Answer 6

Anxiety

Fear

Unreasonable emotional response

Question 7

How does the behaviourist approach explain the formation of phobias?

Answer 7

Through the two process model:
Made by classical conditioning maintained by operant conditioning, however this doesn’t explain why not all phobias follow traumatic experiences

Question 8

What form of therapy is the anxiety hierarchy associated with?

Answer 8

Systematic desensitisation

Question 9

What are the two main behavioural therapys?

Answer 9

Flooding and Systematic desensitisation

Question 10

Pros and cons of flooding

Answer 10

p- cheap
p- faster
c- can be traumatic
c- cant be used on everyone

Question 11

Pros and cons of systematic desensitisation

Answer 11

p- can be used on everyone
p- has been found to be hugely effective in the long run (£ years Gilroy)
p- can be done in vr
c- more expensive
c- takes longer

Question 12

What are the behavioural characteristics of depression

Answer 12

• A change in activity levels
• Disruption to sleep and eating
• Aggression and self-harm

Question 13

What are the cognitive characteristics of depression

Answer 13

• Poor concentration
• Dwelling on the negative
• Absolutist thinking

Question 14

What are the emotional characteristics of depression

Answer 14

• Lowered mood
• Anger
• Lowered self esteem

Question 15

What does the ABC of ellis’s ABC model stand for?

Answer 15

Activating event > Belief > Consequences

Question 16

What is Beck’s cognitive therapy

Answer 16

The clients automatic negative thoughts must be identified

Then the therapist will reality test the clients negative thoughts by trying to prove them wrong

The therapist may set homework to further try and disprove their point

This is known as client as scientist

Question 17

What is REBT therapy (abcde)

Answer 17

REBT challenges the client to prove their irrational belief statements and then replaces their beliefs with more rational ones using empirical arguments (is there evidence for your beliefs)

Question 18

What is the OCD gene

Answer 18

5HT1-D
(5 Hair Testicals 1 - Dick)

Question 19

What did Lewis (1936) find about concordance rates for OCD

Answer 19

37% of OCD patients had a parent with OCD

21% of OCD patients has a sibling with OCD

Question 20

What did Taylor (2013) find about OCD genes?

Answer 20

there’s 230 of them

Question 21

What did Marini & Stebnicki (2012) find about chances of getting ocd if a family member has it

Answer 21

your 4 times more likely to have ocd

Question 22

What part of the brain is associated with OCD?

Answer 22

Left parahippocampal gyrus

Question 23

What does SSRI stand for

Answer 23

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Question 24

What do SSRI’s do?

Answer 24

Increase serotonin in the brain by preventing the reabsorption and breaking down of serotonin