Psychopathology Flashcards
What are the four types of abnormality?
- Deviation from ideal mental health
- Deviation from social norms
- Failure to function adequately
- Statistical infrequency
Name some of Jahoda’s criteria for deviation from ideal mental health?
- We have no symptoms or distress
- We are rational with an accurate perception of reality
- We can self-actualise
- We can cope with stress
- We have a realistic view of the world
- We have good self esteem and lack guilt
- We are independent of other people
- We can successfully love, work and enjoy leisure
What are the three types of symptoms for phobias
- Emotional
- Cognitive
- Behavioural
What are the 3 cognitive symptoms of phobias
Selective attention to phobic stimulus
Irrational beliefs
Cognitive distortion
What are the 3 behavioural symptoms of phobias
Panic
Avoidance
Endurance
What are the 3 emotional symptoms of phobias
Anxiety
Fear
Unreasonable emotional response
How does the behaviourist approach explain the formation of phobias?
Through the two process model:
Made by classical conditioning maintained by operant conditioning, however this doesn’t explain why not all phobias follow traumatic experiences
What form of therapy is the anxiety hierarchy associated with?
Systematic desensitisation
What are the two main behavioural therapys?
Flooding and Systematic desensitisation
Pros and cons of flooding
p- cheap
p- faster
c- can be traumatic
c- cant be used on everyone
Pros and cons of systematic desensitisation
p- can be used on everyone
p- has been found to be hugely effective in the long run (£ years Gilroy)
p- can be done in vr
c- more expensive
c- takes longer
What are the behavioural characteristics of depression
- A change in activity levels
- Disruption to sleep and eating
- Aggression and self-harm
What are the cognitive characteristics of depression
- Poor concentration
- Dwelling on the negative
- Absolutist thinking
What are the emotional characteristics of depression
- Lowered mood
- Anger
- Lowered self esteem
What does the ABC of ellis’s ABC model stand for?
Activating event > Belief > Consequences
What is Beck’s cognitive therapy
The clients automatic negative thoughts must be identified
Then the therapist will reality test the clients negative thoughts by trying to prove them wrong
The therapist may set homework to further try and disprove their point
This is known as client as scientist
What is REBT therapy (abcde)
REBT challenges the client to prove their irrational belief statements and then replaces their beliefs with more rational ones using empirical arguments (is there evidence for your beliefs)
What is the OCD gene
5HT1-D
(5 Hair Testicals 1 - Dick)
What did Lewis (1936) find about concordance rates for OCD
37% of OCD patients had a parent with OCD
21% of OCD patients has a sibling with OCD
What did Taylor (2013) find about OCD genes?
there’s 230 of them
What did Marini & Stebnicki (2012) find about chances of getting ocd if a family member has it
your 4 times more likely to have ocd
What part of the brain is associated with OCD?
Left parahippocampal gyrus
What does SSRI stand for
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
What do SSRI’s do?
Increase serotonin in the brain by preventing the reabsorption and breaking down of serotonin
