Attachment Flashcards
Define attachment?
An emotional bond between two people usually between a primary caregiver and a child
Define reciprocity?
This is when an infant and a care giver react to each other’s signals in the form of gestures etc.
Define interactional synchrony?
When infants and caregivers move in tune or pattern with each other in turn taking.
What did Meltzoff & Moore study
They studied interactional synchrony by having an adult role model display 1 of 3 movements then removing a child’s dummy and seeing how they reacted.
What is type B attachment?
Secure attachment
Whats type A attachment?
Insecure-avoident
What is type C attachment?
Insecure-resistant
How might a secure child act?
Children feel confident that their attachment figure will be able to meet their meet their needs and use them as a safe base to explore and seeking them in distress
How may an Insecure-avoidant attachment style act?
Independent from their attachment figure do not seek contact often insensitive and emotionally unavailable.
How might someone with an insecure-resistant attachment style act?
Clingy and dependent, sometimes rejecting of attachment figure when they engage in an interaction.
When did Bowlby believe the critical period was?
Around 2.5years.
Outline the procedure of Ainsworth’s strange situation experiment.
- Observer takes mother and baby into room
- Observer leaves and mother lets baby explore
- Stranger enters is silent for a minute the talks to mother, mother then leaves
- Stranger and baby in room
- Mother comes back, stranger leaves mother comforts baby and attempts to get it back to play, then mother waves bye-bye
- Second separation episode
- Stranger enters and gears behaviour towards baby
- Mother enters, greets baby and stranger leaves
What is privation?
When a child never had an emotional attachment with a caregiver.
What was Rutters orphan study?
Studied a group of 164 orphans adopted before 2 and 54 adopted before 4, all went to England compared to 52 English children of same age and found they were behind physically, cognitively and socially.
What are the stages of attachment?
- Asocial stage (first few weeks)
- Indiscriminate attachment (6 weeks - 7 months)
- Specific attachment stage (approximately 7-9 months more 7 tho)
- Multiple attachment stage (approximately 10 months onwards)
Outline Bowlbys 44 thieves study?
44 criminals accused of stealing were interviewed for affection-less psychopathy and then interviewed to see of they had prolonged separation from their mother
What are the 4 main effects of institutionalisation?
Physical underdevelopment,
Poor parenting,
Disinhibited attachment,
Intellectual under-functioning
What did Quinton et al find?
Quinton et al found that ex-institutionalised woman had extreme difficulty acting as parents
Outline the learning theory of attachment?
People get attached by classical conditioning for food.
What did Rutter find about Romanian orphans iq?
Mean IQ at age of 11 in relation to age of adoption.
Before 6 months 102
6 months - 2 years 86
After 2 years 77
What years were participants in Rutter’s study observed at
4, 6, 11, 15
What took place in Schaffer and Emerson study
60 working class children in different conditions left alone
