Attachment

Question 1

Define attachment?

Answer 1

An emotional bond between two people usually between a primary caregiver and a child

Question 2

Define reciprocity?

Answer 2

This is when an infant and a care giver react to each other’s signals in the form of gestures etc.

Question 3

Define interactional synchrony?

Answer 3

When infants and caregivers move in tune or pattern with each other in turn taking.

Question 4

What did Meltzoff & Moore study

Answer 4

They studied interactional synchrony by having an adult role model display 1 of 3 movements then removing a child’s dummy and seeing how they reacted.

Question 5

What is type B attachment?

Answer 5

Secure attachment

Question 6

Whats type A attachment?

Answer 6

Insecure-avoident

Question 7

What is type C attachment?

Answer 7

Insecure-resistant

Question 8

How might a secure child act?

Answer 8

Children feel confident that their attachment figure will be able to meet their meet their needs and use them as a safe base to explore and seeking them in distress

Question 9

How may an Insecure-avoidant attachment style act?

Answer 9

Independent from their attachment figure do not seek contact often insensitive and emotionally unavailable.

Question 10

How might someone with an insecure-resistant attachment style act?

Answer 10

Clingy and dependent, sometimes rejecting of attachment figure when they engage in an interaction.

Question 11

When did Bowlby believe the critical period was?

Answer 11

Around 2.5years.

Question 12

Outline the procedure of Ainsworth’s strange situation experiment.

Answer 12

1. Observer takes mother and baby into room
2. Observer leaves and mother lets baby explore
3. Stranger enters is silent for a minute the talks to mother, mother then leaves
4. Stranger and baby in room
5. Mother comes back, stranger leaves mother comforts baby and attempts to get it back to play, then mother waves bye-bye
6. Second separation episode
7. Stranger enters and gears behaviour towards baby
8. Mother enters, greets baby and stranger leaves

Question 13

What is privation?

Answer 13

When a child never had an emotional attachment with a caregiver.

Question 14

What was Rutters orphan study?

Answer 14

Studied a group of 164 orphans adopted before 2 and 54 adopted before 4, all went to England compared to 52 English children of same age and found they were behind physically, cognitively and socially.

Question 15

What are the stages of attachment?

Answer 15

1. Asocial stage (first few weeks)
2. Indiscriminate attachment (6 weeks - 7 months)
3. Specific attachment stage (approximately 7-9 months more 7 tho)
4. Multiple attachment stage (approximately 10 months onwards)

Question 16

Outline Bowlbys 44 thieves study?

Answer 16

44 criminals accused of stealing were interviewed for affection-less psychopathy and then interviewed to see of they had prolonged separation from their mother

Question 17

What are the 4 main effects of institutionalisation?

Answer 17

Physical underdevelopment,
Poor parenting,
Disinhibited attachment,
Intellectual under-functioning

Question 18

What did Quinton et al find?

Answer 18

Quinton et al found that ex-institutionalised woman had extreme difficulty acting as parents

Question 19

Outline the learning theory of attachment?

Answer 19

People get attached by classical conditioning for food.

Question 20

What did Rutter find about Romanian orphans iq?

Answer 20

Mean IQ at age of 11 in relation to age of adoption.

Before 6 months 102
6 months - 2 years 86
After 2 years 77

Question 21

What years were participants in Rutter’s study observed at

Answer 21

4, 6, 11, 15

Question 22

What took place in Schaffer and Emerson study

Answer 22

60 working class children in different conditions left alone