Psychopathology Flashcards
Definitions for abnormalities - name of the key developer ?
Jahoda
Definitions for abnormalities - what did jahoda do ?
Developed the characteristics of ideal mental health
SPEARS - 6 characteristics of ideal mental health
Definitions for abnormalities - what does SPEARS stand for and what does it do - jahoda
S - self actualisation
P - personal autonomy
E - environmental mastery
A - accurate perception, of reality and self
R - resistance to stress
S - self esteem
- demonstrates what ideal mental health looks like
Behavioural explanation for Phobias - key thinker associated with theory of how phobias develop ?
Mowrer
Behavioural explanation for Phobias - what was mowrers theory on explaining phobias called ?
Two process model
Behavioural explanation for Phobias - what was mowrers two process model for explaining phobias ?
- Phobias are learnt via classical conditioning
- Phobias are maintained by operant conditioning
Behavioural explanation for Phobias - name of case study and researcher that supports classical conditioning as an explanation as to how phobias are learnt ?
Watson and Rayner - little Albert
Behavioural explanation for Phobias - what did Watson and rayner do ?
Worked with a infant called little Albert 9 months old, tested his response to a white fluffy rat the was no response they then tested response to a loud noise little Albert would cry they then continuously paired the white rat and loud noise so a fear response was created, little Albert soon learnt to fear the white rat and other white fluffy objects as he associated it with the loud noise = phobia or white rat
Behavioural explanation for Phobias - name of research that discredits the two process model explanation ?
Diwardo et al
Behavioural explanation for Phobias - what did diwardo et al find ?
Found not everyone who was bitten by a dog develops a phobia only 56% of phobics had bad experience with dogs.
Behavioural approach to treating phobias - name of study that supports systematic desensitisation ?
McGrath
Behavioural approach to treating phobias - what did McGrath find and how does this relate to systemic desensitisation.
Reported that 75% of patients responded positively to systemic desensitisation supports the behavioural explanation and development of treatments - systematic desensitisation
Behavioural approach to treating phobias - name of study that is Sceptical of systematic desensitisation ?
Ohman
Behavioural approach to treating phobias - what did ohman find ?
Claimed that systematic desensitisation may not be effective for treating fears that have evolutionary benefits e.g fear of heights
Behavioural approach to treating phobias - name of study that supports flooding over systematic desensitisation ?
Choy et al
Behavioural approach to treating phobias - what did choy et al do ?
Reviewed studies and found that flooding was more effective than SD expically when it came to time and cost
The cognitive explanation for depression - name the researcher who developed the negative triad
Beck
The cognitive explanation for depression - what was becks explanation for depression?
Developed negative triad theory of depression
The way people think and processes can lead to depression the three triad is made up of three negatives…
- negative view of self
- negative view of world
- negative view of future
All links back to negative self schema if our schema of self is negative we will always interpret information about us in a negative way
The cognitive explanation for depression - name of research who developed ABC model?
Ellis
The cognitive explanation for depression - what was Ellis explanation for depression?
Developed the ABC model, good mental health was a result of rational thinking irrational thoughts lead to depression
A = activating event - all activating events have consequences however it’s out beliefs that effect these consequences
B = beliefs
C = consequences of the belief
Activating events trigger beliefs and these beliefs have emotional and cognitive consequences or depression
Cognitive approach to treating depression - what did Ellises model lead to the creation of ?
CBT - cognitive behavioural therapy
Cognitive approach to treating depression - what did Ellis find about CBT ?
Claimed that REBT - rational emotional behaviour theory - a form of CBT had a
90% success rate at treating depression
Cognitive approach to treating depression - name of researcher that compared efficiency of CBT and antidepressants ?
Clue - it’s a month
March et al
Cognitive approach to treating depression - what did march et al find ?
March et al - CBT 81% effective
Combination with antidepressants 86% successful
Cognitive approach to treating depression - name of researcher who found CBT was less effective?
Elkin
Cognitive approach to treating depression - what did elkin find about CBT ?
Found that CBT treatment successes was significantly less effective for people who had high levels of irrational beliefs
Biological explanations for OCD - name of researcher who conducted twin and family studies in to OCD.
Nestadt
Biological explanations for OCD - what did nestadt find ?
Twin studies - conducted a meta analysis on twin studies a found that 68% of MZ twins shared OCD compared to DZ twins concordance rate being 31% - genetic influence
Also found those who had first degree reltives with OCD 5x more likely to develop OCD the. General population
Biological approach to treating OCD - name of researcher that looked at drug therapies as a treatment ?
Soomro
Biological approach to treating OCD - what did soomro find ?
Reviewed 17 studies and found that SSRIs were more effective than a placebo at reducing symptoms after 3 months - 70% success rate
