Psychopathology

Question 1

What is statistical infrequency

Answer 1

When an individual has a less common characteristic than the majority population

Question 2

What is an example of statistical infrequency

Answer 2

68% of the population have an IQ ranging from 85-115 anybody that falls out of this standard deviation can be considered ‘abnormal’

Question 3

What is deviation from social norms

Answer 3

Any behaviour which differs from that which society classes as ‘abnormal’

Question 4

What has society established which are expectations about how “normal” people should behave

Answer 4

Social norms

Question 5

Can social norms change over time and across cultures

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What is failure to function adequately

Answer 6

Abnormality judges as inability to deal with the demands of every day life

Question 7

What are indicators of failure to function adequately

Answer 7

Own personal distress and/or anxiety
Observer discomfort
Inability to work
Inability to remain hygienic
Causing them/themselves harm
Maladaptive, irrational or dangerous behaviour

Question 8

What is deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 8

Absence of signs of good mental health used to judge abnormality

Question 9

How created the deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 9

Jahoda (1958)

Question 10

What is the “checklist” for deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 10

Accurate perception of reality
Positive attitude of reality
Positive attitude towards themselves
Reaching their full potential
Resistance to stress
Master of their environment
Independent of other people

Question 11

What is cultural relativism

Answer 11

The idea that one cannot judge behaviour properly unless it is viewed in the cultural context from which it originated. If you don’t consider cultural relativism it is called ethrocentric

Question 12

Statistical deviation- eval :( P- cultural relativism

Answer 12

E- Some mental illnesses are more common in African nations
E- therefore it is different in statistical frequency
L- not universal so isn’t valid everywhere

Question 13

Failure to function adequately- eval :( P- Cultural relativism

Answer 13

E- The idea that a patient isn’t functioning adequately is related to cultural ideas of how people should love their life
E-this may explain why patients suffering from mental disorders more often is because their lifestyle is different to those who are making the definition
L- not universal so isn’t valid everywhere

Question 14

Deviation from ideal mental health- eval :( P- cultural relativism

Answer 14

E- Specific to Western European and northern American cultures
E- generalising this definition may be seen as ethnocentric as it judging the concept of “normal” by western standards
L- not universal so isn’t valid everywhere

Question 15

Deviation from social norms- eval :( P- cultural relativism

Answer 15

E- Deviation from social norms is largely based on western terms
E- doesn’t consider that deviation from social norms is based on western social norms so it is ethnocentric to use deviation from social norms on those who aren’t western
L- not universal so isn’t valid everywhere

Question 16

Stats deviation- eval :( P- doesn’t help distinguish between desirable and undesirable behaviour

Answer 16

E- Some abnormal behaviour such as having an IQ above 150 are desirable but having IQ below 70 is undesired
E- causes a problem for treating behaviours that don’t need to be treated as stats deviation would not inform a clinician if someone needs treatment or not
L- reduces usefulness when using stats deviation as a measure of classification is needed to deem whether someone needs treatment or not

Question 17

Social norms eval :( P- subjective and based on opinions

Answer 17

E- different groups have different ideas of behaviours which deviate from social norms
E- can lead to humans rights abuse such as mental health disorders which have been to created to control how people live
L- not appropriate as it is subject to abuse

Question 18

Stats dev eval :) P- real life application

Answer 18

E- establishes what are normal and abnormal behaviours
E- all assessments of patients with mental disorders include some kind of measurement to how severe their symptoms are compared to social norms
L- statistical infrequency is a useful definition as it is part of clinical assessment

Question 19

Deviation from social norms