Psychopathology

Question 1

What is Multi-axial Assessment

Answer 1

A system or method of evaluation in the DSM-IV grounded in a biopsychosocial model of assessment that considers factors in mental health diagnoses. The multi-axial system was eliminated in the DSM-5.

Designed to provide a comprehensive diagnosis that includes a complete picture rather than just acute symptoms.

Question 2

What disorders are usually diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescents?

Answer 2

Neurodevelopmental Disorders: ADHD, autism spectrum, anxiety, and depression.

Question 3

What disorders are related to delirium, dementia, amnestic, and other cognitive disorders?

Answer 3

Biologic illnesses with two defining characteristics: 1) significant decrease in cognitive function that shows a marked change; 2) caused by a general medical condition, use of a substance, or combination of these. A shared symptom is memory impairment. (Ex. Alzheimer’s, ADD, Dementia)

Question 4

What are the characteristics of Schizophrenia and other Psychotic disorders?

Answer 4

Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders lose contact with reality and experience a range of extreme symptoms that may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking (speech), and/or grossly disorganized or abnormal behavior (including catatonia).

Question 5

What are Mood Disorders?

Answer 5

Major Depressive Disorders (MDD)
Bipolar Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Cyclothymic Disorder
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Persistent Depressive Disorder (dysthymia)
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Depression Related to medical illness
Depression induced by substance use or medication

Question 6

What are disorder categories related to anxiety?

Answer 6

Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder
Specific Phobias
Agoraphobia
Separation Anxiety
Selective Mutism
Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder

Question 7

What are Somatoform Disorders?

Answer 7

Somatization Disorder - continually complains of physical symptoms w/out physical condition
Conversion Disorder - when physical symptoms mimic symptoms of a neurological disorder w/out neurological disorder presence.
Pain Disorder - recurring pain with no known cause.
Hypochondriasis - When a person believes normal body signs or minor symptoms are evidence of a severe illness.

Question 8

What is Factitious Disorder?

Answer 8

A serious mental disorder in which someone deceives others by appearing sick, by purposely getting sick or by self-injury. (Previously call Münchhausen syndrome)

Question 9

What are Dissociative Disorders categories?

Answer 9

Dissociative amnesia
Dissociative identity disorder (formerly MPD)
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
(Develops as a way to cope with trauma)

Question 10

What are Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders?

Answer 10

Gender Identity Disorder (GID) (transsexualism)
Paraphilias - attraction to an unusual object
Sexual Dysfunctions
Gender Dysphoria

Question 11

What are Eating Disorder categories?

Answer 11

Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating Disorder
Rumination Disorder
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

Question 12

What are Sleep Disorder categories?

Answer 12

Insomnia: Sleep-onset insomnia; sleep maintenance insomnia; mixed insomnia
Sleep Apnea: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); central sleep apnea (CSA)
Narcolepsy: Narcolepsy Type I & II
Restless Leg Syndrome
Excessive Sleepiness
Shift Work Disorder
Parasomnias
Non 24-Hour Sleep Wake Disorder

Question 13

What are Personality Disorder categories?

Answer 13

Cluster A personality disorders:
Paranoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder

Cluster B personality disorders:
Antisocial personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder

Cluster C personality disorder:
Avoidant personality disorder
Dependent personality disorder
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 14

What are Axis I diagnoses?

Answer 14

Diagnoses that includes all mental disorders except personality disorders and mental retardation.

Question 15

What are Axis II diagnoses?

Answer 15

Assessment of personality disorders and intellectual disorders.

Question 16

What are Axis III diagnoses?

Answer 16

Medical or neurological conditions that may influence a psychiatric problem.

Question 17

What are Axis IV diagnoses?

Answer 17

Identifies recent psychological stressors, death of a loved one, divorce, losing a job, or problems with social support (basic needs).

Question 18

What are Axis V diagnoses?

Answer 18

Identification of the patient’s level of functioning on a scale of 0-100. (100 is top-level functioning)

Question 19

What is “mood disorder caused by a general medical condition” ?

Answer 19

When various physical diseases or conditions create some form of mental health issue. Mood disorders can be due to Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, heart attack, pancreatitis, thyroid problems, cancer, infections, and Crohn’s colitis. Also Anxiety Disorder due to another medical condition.

Question 20

What is an impulse-control disorder not elsewhere specified?

Answer 20

Used when the clinician chooses not to specify why the criteria are not met for a specific impulse disorder.

Question 21

What are other problems listed in the DSM-5 that may not be a focus of clinical attention?

Answer 21

Relates to problems related to family upbringing, child sexual abuse, neglect, or child psychological abuse, elder abuse, support groups, spousal abuse/neglect/psychological, education/occupational/housing/economic problems, and other medical and health related problems.