Psychopatholgy

Question 1

deviation from social norms

Answer 1

behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in society- does not conform to the normative social behaviour of society

Question 2

statistical frequency

Answer 2

an individuals behaviour is rare

Question 3

failure to function adequately

Answer 3

someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day-to-day life- defined as abnormal if they are personally distressing or distressing to others

Question 4

deviation from mental health

Answer 4

focuses on the characteristics of mental health; understanding what it is to be mentally healthy will help to explain those who are not

Question 5

panic

Answer 5

crying, screaming, running away

Question 6

avoidance

Answer 6

choose to not come into contact with the phobia stimulus

Question 7

endurance

Answer 7

the sufferer remains in the presence of the phobia stimulus as they have to yet experienced panic

Question 8

anxiety

Answer 8

an unpleasant high level of arousal suffer finds it very difficult to relax or experience positive emotions

Question 9

unreasonable emotional response

Answer 9

extreme negative emotions in the presence of the stimulus which are disproportionate to the level of danger

Question 10

selective attention

Answer 10

sufferer finds it difficult to look away from the stimulus or to concentrate on anything else

Question 11

irrational beliefs

Answer 11

ideas that are unrealistic

Question 12

cognitive disortions

Answer 12

perceiving the phonic stimulus in an unrealistic way

Question 13

systematic desensitisation

Answer 13

behavioural therapy designed to gradually reduce phobic anxiety through classical conditioning

Question 14

anxiety hierarchy

Answer 14

put together by therapist and clients, the consider a list of situations related to the phobic stimulus that cause anxiety and arrange them in order from least to most frightening

Question 15

relaxation

Answer 15

therapist teachers the client to relax using breathing techniques, medication

Question 16

exposure

Answer 16

client is exposed to the phobic stimulus at the bottom of the hierarchy whilst in a relaxed state, once they can stay relaxed in the presence of the phobic stimulus they can move up the hierarchy

Question 17

flooding

Answer 17

immediate exposure to phobic stimulus, avoidance is not an option. client learns that phobic stimulus is harmless

Question 18

negative views of the world

Answer 18

creates the impression that there is no hope anywhere

Question 19

negative views about the future

Answer 19

reduce any hopefulness and enhance depression

Question 20

negative views about oneself

Answer 20

enhance any existing depressive feelings because they confirm the existing emotions of low self esteem

Question 21

compulsions

Answer 21

repetitive behaviours that an individual feels that they have to do

Question 22

insight

Answer 22

individuals are aware that their obsessions and compulsions are not rational