Psychopatholgy Flashcards
deviation from social norms
behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in society- does not conform to the normative social behaviour of society
statistical frequency
an individuals behaviour is rare
failure to function adequately
someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day-to-day life- defined as abnormal if they are personally distressing or distressing to others
deviation from mental health
focuses on the characteristics of mental health; understanding what it is to be mentally healthy will help to explain those who are not
panic
crying, screaming, running away
avoidance
choose to not come into contact with the phobia stimulus
endurance
the sufferer remains in the presence of the phobia stimulus as they have to yet experienced panic
anxiety
an unpleasant high level of arousal suffer finds it very difficult to relax or experience positive emotions
unreasonable emotional response
extreme negative emotions in the presence of the stimulus which are disproportionate to the level of danger
selective attention
sufferer finds it difficult to look away from the stimulus or to concentrate on anything else
irrational beliefs
ideas that are unrealistic
cognitive disortions
perceiving the phonic stimulus in an unrealistic way
systematic desensitisation
behavioural therapy designed to gradually reduce phobic anxiety through classical conditioning
anxiety hierarchy
put together by therapist and clients, the consider a list of situations related to the phobic stimulus that cause anxiety and arrange them in order from least to most frightening
relaxation
therapist teachers the client to relax using breathing techniques, medication
exposure
client is exposed to the phobic stimulus at the bottom of the hierarchy whilst in a relaxed state, once they can stay relaxed in the presence of the phobic stimulus they can move up the hierarchy
flooding
immediate exposure to phobic stimulus, avoidance is not an option. client learns that phobic stimulus is harmless
negative views of the world
creates the impression that there is no hope anywhere
negative views about the future
reduce any hopefulness and enhance depression
negative views about oneself
enhance any existing depressive feelings because they confirm the existing emotions of low self esteem
compulsions
repetitive behaviours that an individual feels that they have to do
insight
individuals are aware that their obsessions and compulsions are not rational
