Psychology V2 Flashcards
Id
Freud’s term for the instinctual part of the mind, which operates on the pleasure principle
Superego
Freud’s term for the moral centre of the mind
Ego
Freud’s term for the rational part of the mind, which operates on the reality principle
Psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud’s theory that all human behaviour is influenced by early childhood experiences that influence the unconscious mind throughout life
Unconscious
information processing in our mind that we are not aware of; according to Freud, it holds our unacceptable thoughts, feelings , and memories; according to Jung, it includes patterns of memories, instincts, and experiences common to all.
Frontal Lobe
is involved in speaking and planning actions
Corpus Callosum
Large circular structure connecting hemispheres
Temporal lobe
analyzes sounds to make sense of speech
Hippocampus
transfers information into memory, stores the names of people and things
amygdala
two almond-shaped neural clusters regulating how emotion can affect memory and creating “fight or flight” response to fear
cerebral cortex
outer layer of cerebrum
Left hemisphere
communication and language, logic, math
Right hemisphere
spatial awareness and visual imagery, facial recognition
Operant conditioning
Operant Conditioning is a style of learning which uses rewards and punishment to attain an ideal behavior.
Two techinques reinforcement and punishment
Positive Punishment
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
Classic conditioning
a type of learning where a once neutral stimulus comes to produce a particular response after pairings with a conditioned stimulus
Sigmud Freud - Genital Stage (puberty onward)
directs sexual urges toward members of the opposite sex
not applicable, as this is the final stage
Plaget - formal operational stage
- develops ability to logically link symbols to abstract ideas
- early in this period, becomes egocentric again
- not all adults reach this stage
(12 years - adulthood)
Erikson - identity vs role confusion (adolescence: teens-20s)
increased concern for the way others see them, exploring “who am I?”
inability to settle on an identity can lead to role confusion
Unconditioned response
the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus that naturally triggers a response
Conditioned stimulus
an originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditional stimulus
Conditioned response
the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Humanistic psychology and how they view a client vs a behaviourist, psychoanalyst, etc
Humanistic psychology -client should be involved in his or her recovery rather than solely relying on the therapist
Behaviourist - psychologists need empirical evidence obtained through experimentation to change human behavior
Psychoanalyst - Finding a client’s repressed feelings and memories so patients can gain personal insights that they can use in their recovery.
