Psychology Flashcards
Psychodynamic theory
an approach to therapy that focuses on resolving a patient´s conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings.
Psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud’s theory that all human behaviour is influenced by early childhood experiences that influence the unconscious mind throughout life
Unconscious
information processing in our mind that we are not aware of; according to Freud, it holds our unacceptable thoughts, feelings , and memories; according to Jung, it includes patterns of memories, instincts, and experiences common to all.
Conscious
information that we are always aware of; our conscious mind performs the thinking when we take in new information
Ego
Freud’s term for the rational part of the mind, which operates on the reality principle
Id
Freud’s term for the instinctual part of the mind, which operates on the pleasure principle
Superego
Freud’s term for the moral centre of the mind
Defense mechanism
the ego´s way of distorting reality to deal with anxiety
Repression
a process in which unacceptable desires or impulses are excluded from consciousness and left to cooperate in the unconscious.
Denial
a defense mechanism whereby a person refuses to recognize or acknowledge something that is painful
Displacement
the shift of an emotion from its original focus to another object, person, or situation.
Free association
a method used in psychoanalysis where a patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind
Projection
a defense mechanism whereby a person attributes their own threatening impulses onto someone else
neo-Freudians
psychologists who modified Freud´s psychoanalytic theory to include social and cultural aspects.
Analytical psychology
a branch of psychology founded by Carl Jung, based on the idea that balancing a person’s psyche would allow the person to reach his or her full potential
Collective unconscious
the shared, inherited pool of memories from our ancestors.
Archetypes
universal symbols that tend to reappear over time; includes models of people, behaviors, and personalities
Personality
an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Unconditioned response
the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus that naturally triggers a response
Conditioned stimulus
an originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditional stimulus
Conditioned response
the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Classic conditioning
a type of learning where a once neutral stimulus comes to produce a particular response after pairings with a conditioned stimulus
Extinction
in operant conditioning, the diminishing of a conditioned response due to a lack of reinforcement
Self-actualization
the reaching of one’s full potential; occurs only after basic physical and psychological needs are met. CHECK DEFINITION
Logotherapy
a form of psychotherapy that tries to help the patient find the aim and meaning of his or her own life as a human being without accessing the medical aspect of mental health.
Client-centred therapy
a humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the client plays an active role
Cognition
the mental processes in the brain associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering.
Fixation
the continued focus on an earlier stage of psychosocial development due to an unresolved conflict at the oral, anal, or phallic stage.
Identity crisis
a time in a tennagerś life filled with extreme self consciousness as he or she attempts to test and integrate various roles.
Neuroscientist
a scientist who specializes in the study of the human brain
Cerebrum
the largest and most developed portion of the brain, which is responsible for controlling memory, understanding, and logic.
Correlation
a measure that indicates a relationship between two factors but does not indicate causation; in a positive correlation, one variable goes up precisely as the other goes up; in a negative correlation, one variable goes up precisely as the other goes down.
Frontal Lobe
is involved in speaking and planning actions
Corpus Callosum
Large circular structure connecting hemispheres
Temporal lobe
analyzes sounds to make sense of speech
Hippocampus
transfers information into memory, stores the names of people and things
amygdala
two almond-shaped neural clusters regulating how emotion can affect memory and creating “fight or flight” response to fear
cerebral cortex
outer layer of cerebrum
Left hemisphere
communication and language, logic, math
Right hemisphere
spatial awareness and visual imagery, facial recognition
He did an experiment with a rodent in a box
B.F. Skinner
He did a very famous experiment with dogs
Ivan Pavlov
Psychology
The study of human behaviour and mental processes
Third level of the hierarchy of needs
Blongingness and love needs?
He is know as the father of modern psychology and the creator of this theory (psychoanalytic theory)
Sigmund Freud
The full name of the creator of the Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow
This stage is when you’re feeling confident and accomplished
Esteem Needs
Domindated the second half of the 20th century
What is Humanist Psychology
This neurotransmitter has increased levels whne somebody does yoga
What is GABA
This level of sleep is believed to be the deepest level of sleep and also when dreams occur
REM sleep
These are influenced by our experiences and expectations, which in turn affect how we view the world,
Perceptual Sets
