Psychology Flashcards
Psychodynamic theory
an approach to therapy that focuses on resolving a patient´s conflicted conscious and unconscious feelings.
Psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud’s theory that all human behaviour is influenced by early childhood experiences that influence the unconscious mind throughout life
Unconscious
information processing in our mind that we are not aware of; according to Freud, it holds our unacceptable thoughts, feelings , and memories; according to Jung, it includes patterns of memories, instincts, and experiences common to all.
Conscious
information that we are always aware of; our conscious mind performs the thinking when we take in new information
Ego
Freud’s term for the rational part of the mind, which operates on the reality principle
Id
Freud’s term for the instinctual part of the mind, which operates on the pleasure principle
Superego
Freud’s term for the moral centre of the mind
Defense mechanism
the ego´s way of distorting reality to deal with anxiety
Repression
a process in which unacceptable desires or impulses are excluded from consciousness and left to cooperate in the unconscious.
Denial
a defense mechanism whereby a person refuses to recognize or acknowledge something that is painful
Displacement
the shift of an emotion from its original focus to another object, person, or situation.
Free association
a method used in psychoanalysis where a patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind
Projection
a defense mechanism whereby a person attributes their own threatening impulses onto someone else
neo-Freudians
psychologists who modified Freud´s psychoanalytic theory to include social and cultural aspects.
Analytical psychology
a branch of psychology founded by Carl Jung, based on the idea that balancing a person’s psyche would allow the person to reach his or her full potential
Collective unconscious
the shared, inherited pool of memories from our ancestors.
Archetypes
universal symbols that tend to reappear over time; includes models of people, behaviors, and personalities
Personality
an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Unconditioned response
the natural response to an unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus that naturally triggers a response
Conditioned stimulus
an originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response after being paired with an unconditional stimulus
Conditioned response
the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
Classic conditioning
a type of learning where a once neutral stimulus comes to produce a particular response after pairings with a conditioned stimulus
Extinction
in operant conditioning, the diminishing of a conditioned response due to a lack of reinforcement
