Psychology Test 2 (no letters) Flashcards
The WEIRD problem in psychology is about:
- The fact that a good deal of research in psychology provides results that do not represent real-world conditions or situations.
B. The fact that results of research in psychology are not often replicated if the experiment is conducted again. - The fact that most experiments are not conducted more than once, disregarding the fifth stage in the scientific method, replication.
- Not having enough ethnic, racial, and socio-economic diversity among the participants in research.
- Journal articles or books on psychology not being written in a natural-language style; this style makes it very difficult for people outside of the field to understand
Not having enough ethnic, racial, and socio-economic diversity among the participants in research.
Dr. Cohen is conducting research on how antidepressant medication reduces the symptoms of depression. One group of people received the antidepressant, and a control group received a pill with no active ingredients. In both cases, the pills looked identical, and the participants did not know whether they were getting the antidepressant medication or the other pill. An experiment needs both groups because of:
- The confounding variable effect
- The placebo effect
- The experimental bias effect
- The palliative effect
- The expectation effect
The placebo effect
Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal research design?:
- A researcher is interested in studying the age-related symptoms of anxiety. The researcher asks 100 people to fill out a survey about anxiety. Of those people, 20 participants are age 20, 20 are age 30, 20 are age 40, and 20 are age 50.
- A researcher studied a single patient known by the initials R. D. who had a tumor in their temporal lobe. The tumor caused R. D. to lose the ability to recognize faces.
- A developmental psychologist conducts her research by observing children in a classroom through a one-way mirror.
- A researcher is interested in the genetic influence on measures of personality. In their research, the researcher follows 24 sets of identical twins. Once a year for 30 years, the researcher returned to the same participants and had each complete a personality survey.
- A researcher does not conduct new research but evaluates the results of many studies that address very similar topics.
A researcher is interested in the genetic influence on measures of personality. In their research, the researcher follows 24 sets of identical twins. Once a year for 30 years, the researcher returned to the same participants and had each complete a personality survey.
The standard deviation is:
- A measure of the central tendency of a data set.
- A way to identify outliers or extreme data points in a data set.
- A measure of variance in a data set.
- A way of randomly picking research participants for an experiment.
- A way of identifying confounding variables in an experimental design.
A measure of variance in a data set.
_______ is a measure of the strength of a research design by the degree that the same or similar results will be observed if the experiment is conducted again at a different time.
- Validity
- Consistency
- Standard deviation
- Reliability
- Conformity
Reliability
Although not supported by experimental evidence, _______________ are types of “alternative” medicines that people use as a treatment for physical and psychological ailments. It is a pseudoscience that only temporarily reduces symptoms because of the placebo effect:
- Pseudophils
- Homocillin
- Prazopathy
- Zenophils
- Homeopathy
Homeopathy
The ability to infer a cause-and-effect relationship is associated only with the:
- Correlational research method.
- Case history research method.
- Experimental research method.
- Empirical research method.
- Tit-for-tat method.
Experimental research method.
The experimental procedure in which both the experimenter and subject are unaware of who is in the experimental and who is in the control group is referred to as the:
- Placebo control procedure.
- Stereotaxic procedure.
- Single-blind procedure.
- Double-blind procedure.
- Meta-analysis procedure.
Double-blind procedure.
Researchers have found that taller people tend to have higher levels of self-esteem than shorter people. This pattern of data reflects:
- An inferential statistic.
- A positive correlation.
- Measures of central tendency.
- Measures of variability.
- A stereotype
A positive correlation.
If you created a scatterplot of your data, what type of statistic would you have computed?:
- Correlation
- Range
- Median
- Inferential
- Differential
Correlation
How is a meta-analysis different from other types of studies?:
- Replication is important for meta-analyses, but not for separate studies.
- Meta-analyses cannot detect significant differences, but separate studies can.
- A meta-analysis combines many studies into one analysis.
- A meta-analysis does not use effect sizes, but separate studies do.
- It’s relatively easier.
A meta-analysis combines many studies into one analysis.
In what way are a scatterplot and a correlation coefficient similar?
- Both provide numerical descriptions for an association between two variables.
- Both represent the association between two variables.
- Both provide pictures of an association between two variables.
- Both describe all associations between two variables as positive.
- Both describe all associations between two variables as negative.
Both represent the association between two variables.
Of the following, the correlation coefficient that indicates the strongest relationship between the two variables being measured is:
- +0.65.
- -0.89.
- 0.00.
- +3.45
- -0.46
-0.89.
As the number of bystanders increases, people are less likely to help someone who is in distress. This suggests that the size of a crowd and helping behavior are:
- Negatively correlated
- Uncorrelated
- Positively correlated
- Dependent variables
- Independent variables
Negatively correlated
If A and B are highly correlated, which statement MOST accurately describes the relationship between A and B?
- The score on A causes the score on B
- The score on B causes the score on A
- Both A and B are caused by a third variable
- The score on A can be used to predict the score on B
- None of the above.
The score on A can be used to predict the score on B
If the correlation coefficient between amount of exposure to television violence and aggressive behavior was found to be +0.43, we could conclude that:
- Watching television violence tends to cause aggressive behavior.
- Being an aggressive person tends to cause one to watch more violent television.
- People who watch the most television tend to be the least aggressive.
- There is a positive relationship between these two variables.
- Television is bad for children
There is a positive relationship between these two variables.
A researcher wants to see if a protein-enriched diet will enhance the maze-running performance of rats. One group of rats is fed the high-protein diet for the duration of the study; the other group continues to receive ordinary rat chow. In this experiment, the rats’ maze-running performance is the:
- Correlated variable
- Control variable
- Dependent variable
- Independent variable
- Unpredictable
Dependent variable
