Chapter 6 Psychology Flashcards
I present a tone to a dog and follow it up with five drops of lemon juice to the dog’s tongue.
I do this for several trials, and eventually, the dog salivates when I play the tone. In the
above example, what is the conditioned stimulus?
A. The tone
B. The lemon juice
C. Salivating when the tone is played
D. Salivating when the drops of lemon are placed on the dog’s tongue.
E. None of the above are true.
A. The tone
With a dog, a researcher pairs a high-frequency tone (800 HZ) with food twenty times. She
finds that the dog salivates ten drops when the 800 HZ tone is played in the future. The researcher also finds that the dog produces eight drops of salivates to a similar but slightly
lower tone (700 HZ). This is an example of:
a. simultaneous conditioning
b. rapid reacquisition
c. generalization
d. accommodation
e. cross-model conditioning
c. generalization
The _____________________ model of classical conditioning differed from Pavlov’s
theories in many ways. For example, this model does not assume that a stimulus can have excitatory and inhibitory associations, whereas Pavlov thought this was possible.
a. Rescorla-Wagner
b. Thorndike-Skinner
c. Skinner-Watson
d. Rescorla-Skinner
e. Johnson-Jonson
a. Rescorla-Wagner
Systematic desensitization is used to treat which psychological disorder?
a. depression
b. phobias
c. anxiety
d. schizophrenia
e. anorexia
b. phobias
Which of the following schedule of reinforcement is found in slot machines at a casino?
a. fixed interval
b. variable interval
c. fixed ratio
d. variable ratio
e. variable rewards
d. variable ratio
Which of the following was given in your textbook as an example of local-specific behavior?
a. chimpanzees fishing for termites with sticks
b. Japanese macaques washing sweet potatoes
c. children imitating adults opening a box that contains candy
d. the migration patterns of Canadian geese
e. cultural rituals of the Fore people of Papua New Guinea
b. Japanese macaques washing sweet potatoes
A small bird called a blue tit was discussed in the textbook as an example of social learning.
What did these little birds do?
a. They dropped nuts on the road so cars would run the nuts open, allowing the birds to
get access to food inside.
b. They pecked through the foil top of glass bottles of milk left on people’s doorstep.
c. They worked as a group to attack predators like owls.
d. They fly together in a murmuration (synchronized flying), making them look like one
object creating shapes in the sky.
e. They opened paper bags holding bread that was delivered to people’s doorsteps.
b. They pecked through the foil top of glass bottles of milk left on people’s doorstep.
Although some have disputed the significance of the results, Bandura’s Bobo Doll study was
designed to show that _________ can be learned by watching others.
a. cooperation
b. aggression
c. opening artificial fruit (boxes that contain fruit)
d. happiness
e. complex motor skills
b. aggression
Which of the following was NOT given as an example of how classical conditioning and
instrumental conditioning influence human behavior?
a. gambling
b. television commercials
c. drug addiction
d. learning to solve math problems
e. phobias
d. learning to solve math problems
Although applied behavior analysis can be used to help with several psychological problems, it is mostly used to help:
a. children on the autism spectrum.
b. children with depression.
c. adults with anxiety disorders.
d. children and adults with specific phobias like arachnophobia (fear of spiders).
e. adults with substance use disorder (e.g., addicted to alcohol).
a. children on the autism spectrum
