Psychology - Test #2

Question 1

Lifespan refers to?

Answer 1

• Conception to Death

* Physically, Cognitively, and Psychosocially

Question 2

What are the 4 different cell stages of Mitosis?

Answer 2

1. Prophase - the DNA molecules of the chromosomes condense into the center if the cell.
2. Metaphase - The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell, separate and become a pair of identical chromosomes
3. Anaphase - Each set of chromosomes moves toward the opposite ends of the cell.
4. Telophase - Here, the spindle fibers disappear, the nuclear membrane appears and the cell divides into two daughter cells. Notice the indentation starting on the outer cell wall. Eventually these two indentations will touch and the cell will become two.

Question 3

What is a teratogen? What are some examples?

Answer 3

Any biological, chemical, or physical agent capable of causing birth defects.

(DAVS)

• Drugs
• Alcohol
• Viruses
• Smoking

Question 4

What is the difference between cephalocaudal and proximodistal growth trends?

Answer 4

•Cephalocaudal trend
–Head develops rapidly

•Proximodistal Trend
–From center out

This is relative to body development, such as head or limbs.

Question 5

What is myelination?

Answer 5

•Myelination – improves message transfer and accounts for gain in brain size

Dictionary definition:
A whitish insulating sheathe around many nerve fibers. Increases the speed at which brain impulses are conducted.

Question 6

What is the difference between experience expectant and experience dependent brain growth?

Answer 6

Experience expectant are typical human experiences that are “expected” for proper brain development. Examples would be exposure to language or visual stimuli. Experience dependent, as it name implies, is dependent on the individual. A musician mind would work differently than that of an engineer.

Question 7

Describe the 3 different child temperaments

Answer 7

1. Easy to warm up (40%)
2. Slow to warm up (15%)
3. Difficult Children (10%)

Question 8

Describe the 4 different child rearing styles

Answer 8

Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Uninvolved

Question 9

Describe the stages of moral development

Answer 9

•Preconventional level (4 yrs. – 10yrs.)
–Standards set by others are observed in order to receive reinforcement or avoid punishment
•Conventional role conformity (10 yrs. – 13yrs.)
–Rules and standards are internalized and behaviors are performed in order to please others
•Postconventional level (13 yrs. – if at all )
–Control over moral conduct is completely internalized

Question 10

What is the difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?

Answer 10

Crystallized intelligence: Accumulate knowledge; experience and good judgement; mastery
Fluid Intelligence: Basic info; processing skills

Question 11

What is the difference between primary and secondary aging?

Answer 11

Primary aging: Everyone expected to age this way

secondary aging: outside elements aging a person such as smoking, drinking, overeating, accidents, etc.

Question 12

What is the difference between cebrovascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 12

Cerebrovascular - Series of strokes leave areas of dead brain cells
Alzheimers - most common protein build up -> toxins kills cells

Question 13

What is Piaget’s premise of object prmanence? Conservation? Egocentrism?

Answer 13

Object permanence: Objects leave vision but kids know it still exists.
Conservation: Physical change does not change amount
Egocentrism: Assumption that everyone can see their point of view

Question 14

What is the difference between a self report and projective personality test?

Answer 14

Self report tests are far more structured than projective personality tests. Self reports have correct answers, projective personality tests have no correct answers.

Question 15

Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 15

Self sulfilment needs, psychological needs,s basic needs

Question 16

Describe Freud’s Id, Ego, and Superego

Answer 16

Id- In Psychoanalytical theory, the part of the personality which contains our primitive impulses such as sex, anger, and hunger.
Ego- In Psychoanalytical theory, the part of the personality which maintains a balance between our impulses (id) and our conscience (superego).
Superego- In Psychoanalytical theory, the part of the personality that represents the conscience.

Question 17

What is unconditional positive regard according to Carl Roger’s?

Answer 17

Unconditional Positive Regard is when one person is completely accepting toward another person.

Question 18

What is the difference between external and internal loci of self control?

Answer 18

A person’s “locus” (Latin for “place” or “location”) is conceptualised as either internal (the person believes they can control their life) or external (meaning they believe that their decisions and life are controlled by environmental factors which they cannot influence).