PSYCHOLOGY SOCIAL INFLUENCE Flashcards
What is internalisation?
what is identification?
what is compliance?
- when a person genuinely accepts group norms, it results in a private as well as public change of opinions and behaviour. The change is more likely to be permanent and persist in the absence of group members because attitudes becomes part of how a person thinks.
- when we identify with a group that we value, we want to become a part of it so we publicly change our opinion/ behaviour’s even if we disagree with everything
- involves going along with others but not privately not changing opinion and behaviors in sult in superficial change and the opinion and the behaviour stops as soon as group eases.
what is informational social influence?
- we are often uncertain about behaviors or beliefs that are right or wrong you may not know the answer to a question but if must go along u think its right.
- people want to be right
what is normative social influence ?
NSI concerns with what is normal or typical behaviour for a social group. NSI is emotional rather than cognitive people prefer social approval then rejection.
when is it likely to occur?
- occur in situations where you do not know the norms and look to others on how to behave. It is important with people you know rather than strangers because people are concerned with social approval of friends. May be more pronounced in stressful situations where people need social support
Lucas at el (strength)
research support
asked students to give answers to easy and more difficult questions in maths. There was conformity to incorrect answers when the problem was harder. This was most true for students who rated their maths ability as poor. People conform to situations they don’t know influential social conformity. We look to assume to others for correct answers.
A strength of nsi is there is research support. Asch asked participants to explain why they agreed with wrong answers some said they felt self conscious giving right answer. When asch asked them to write it down conformity ent down 12.5%
Limitation asch study (spencer, and panini)
oversimplification
asch found students were less likely to conform (28%) to other participants (37%) perini and spencer found less conformity in students. People who are knowledgeable and or confident lines influences by right view of a majority.
- Limitation of isi and nsi is that the process model is oversimplified. The approach states behaviour is due to either NSI or ISI, however conformity was reduced when there was a dissenting partner. In asch experiment the dissenter may reduce power of nsi by providing social support or reduce power of isi. Therefore it is not always possible to know if it is NSI or ISI at work.
Conformity study by Asch
what was the procedure?
- asch recruited 123 American male students, each was tested individually with a group of six to 8 confederates.
- on each trial partipents identified the length’s of a standard line
- on the first few confederates gave correct answer but then all selected wrong answer . completed 18 12 of it wrong answer was given.
Results of asch study
participant’s gave wrong answer 36.8% of the time shows high level of conformity.
considerable induvial difference 25% never conformed
75% did at least once.
most conformed to avoid rejection but continued to comply privately
key study 2 asch affecting conformity
- what was the procedure
- number of confederate’s varied between 1 - 15
- uniamity - Asch introduced one truthful confederate or a dissenting confederate who was dissenting but inaccurate
- task difficulty - asch made the line judging task harder, by making the stimulus line and comparison lines more similer in legenth
key study 2
results
group size - with two confederates, conformity to the wrong answer was 13.6% with two more it rose to 31.8%
uniamity - the presence of a dissenting confederate was reduced conformity whether dissential was giving the right or wrong answer. the figure on average was 25%. having dissented enabled naïve partipcents to act independently
task difficulty - increased conformity information social influence
Zimbardo study
procedure
] [they recruited 24 emotionally stable students determined by psychological testing - randomly assigned roles by guards or prisoners. To increase realism the prisoners arrested in their homes and taken to prison, blindfolded stripped - searched issued a uniform and number
The prisoners daily routine was regulated. These were 16 rules to follow enforced by guards who were working at the time in shifts three at a time. - de - individualisation, prisoners names were never used only numbers, guards had own uniform wooden club handcuffs mirror shades. They were told they had complete power over prisoners.
results of Zimbardo study
within two days the prisoners rebelled against treatment they ripped their uniform and shouted and swore at the guards who related with fire estangisushes. Guards harassed prisoners commons dently by conducting frequent headcounts. Gears highlighted the difference in social roles by creating opportunities to Renforce rules.
The guards took their role with enthusiasm the behaviour threaten the prisoners psychological and psychical health.
After the rebellion was put down the prisoners become subdued, anxious and depressed
Three prisoners were sent home early because they showed signs of psychological disturbance
One prisoner went on hunger strike. The study was stopped after 6 days.
The situation revealed the power in the situation to influence people behaviour guards and prisoners and researchers all conformed to their social roles within prison. The more the guards identified with their roles the more aggressive they become
S OF Z STUDY 1 - GOOD CONTROL OVER VARIABLES
emotionally stable participants were recruited randomly and assigned the roles of guard or prisoner. The guards and prisoners had those roles by chance so their behaviour due to pressures of the situation and not their personality. Control increases study internal validity we can be more confident in drawing conclusions about influence of social roles in behaviour
