Psychology Simply DK Flashcards
1
Q
Who wrote The Passions of the Soul in 1649 claiming that body and soul are separate?
A
Rene Descartes
2
Q
Who investigated hypnosis in his book On the Cause of Lucid Sleep in 1819? Born in 1756 Goa.
A
Abbe Faria
3
Q
Which philosopher wrote The Sickness Unto Death in 1849 marking the beginning of existentialism?
A
Soren Kierkegaard
4
Q
Whose research in 1869 suggested nurture is more important than nature in Hereditary Genius?
A
Francis Galton
5
Q
Who produced Lectures on the Diseases of the Nervous System in 1877? Born Paris 1825, known as “the founder of modern neurology”, and his name has been associated with at least 15 medical eponyms. Studies between 1868 and 1881 were a landmark in the understanding of Parkinson’s disease, He also led the disease formerly named paralysis agitans (shaking palsy) to be renamed after James Parkinson. He named Tourettes after his student.
A
Jean-Martin Charcot
6
Q
Which German founded the first laboratory of experimental psychology in Leipzig, Germany in 1879? Was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist, He is widely regarded as the “father of experimental psychology”.
A
Wilhelm Wundt
7
Q
German pyschologist born 1856, published the Textbook of Psychiatry in 1883? Announced that he had found a new way of looking at mental illness, referring to the traditional view as “symptomatic” and to his view as “clinical”. Split pyschosis into Manic Depression and Dementia Praecox. Co-discover of Alzheimers.
A
Emil Kraepelin
8
Q
Female American pyschologist (1918-2008) who proposed her namesake stages of ego development? Conceptualize a theory based on Erik Erikson’s psychosocial model and the works of Harry Stack Sullivan (1892–1949) in which “the ego was theorized to mature and evolve through stages across the lifespan as a result of a dynamic interaction between the inner self and the outer environment”.
A
Jane Loevinger
9
Q
Which American child psychoanalyst published the 1950 book Childhood and Society with his thoughts on the Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development? Came up it with wife Joan.
A
Erik Erikson
10
Q
French psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test. In 1904, the French Ministry of Education asked him to devise a method that would determine which students did not learn effectively from regular classroom instruction so they could be given remedial work. In 1895, opened the first lab of psychodiagnosis.
A
Alfred Binet
11
Q
Born NYC 1842, Among his most influential books are The Principles of Psychology, a groundbreaking text in the field of psychology; Essays in Radical Empiricism, an important text in philosophy; and The Varieties of Religious Experience, an investigation of different forms of religious experience, including theories on mind-cure.
A
William James
12
Q
Born 1916 Berlin, German-born British psychologist. He is best remembered for his work on intelligence and personality, although he worked on other issues in psychology. Research purported to show that certain personality types had an elevated risk of cancer and heart disease. Bit racist in terms of intelligence vs race.
A
Hans Eysenck
13
Q
1710 in A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, which philosopher claimed that body is merely perception of the mind?
A
George Berkeley
14
Q
1027 Persian Philosopher and Physician who writes about trances in The Book of Healing?
A
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
15
Q
French psychologist, pharmacist, and hypnotist who introduced a popular method of psychotherapy and self-improvement based on optimistic autosuggestion in the 1880s, said to be placebo effect?
A
Emile Coue
16
Q
Which philosopher in 1704 discussed petites perceptions (perceptions without consciousness) in his New Essays on Human Understanding?
A
Gottfried Leibniz
17
Q
Who in 1912 wrote The Psychology of the Unconscious suggesting all people have a culturally specific collective unconscious?
A
Carl Jung
18
Q
Born 1902 Oak Park, American psychologist who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology and was known especially for his person-centered psychotherapy: client centred therapy, student-centred learning etc. Based on a 1982 survey of 422 respondents of U.S. and Canadian psychologists, he was considered the most influential psychotherapist in history (Freud ranked third).
A
Carl Rogers
19
Q
American psychologist, psychotherapist, and writer. He gained notability as the creator of primal therapy, a treatment for mental illness that involves repeatedly descending into, feeling, and experiencing long-repressed childhood pain. Most notable book was 1970 The Primal Scream.
A
Arthur Janov
20
Q
David Tennant starred as which Scottish psychiatrist in 2017 film Mad to be Normal? Working out of Kingsley Hall in London, he wrote extensively on mental illness in particular psychosis and schizophrenia. Known books: The Politics of Experience and the Bird of Paradise, The Divided Self, The Self and Others.
A
RD Laing
21
Q
Norwegian woman who was the first wife of author Axel Jensen and later the muse and girlfriend of Leonard Cohen for several years in the 1960s. She was the subject of Cohen’s 1967 song “So Long, Marianne”.
A
Marianne Ihlen
22
Q
Born Ada, Ohio 1909, American existential psychologist and author of the influential book Love and Will (1969). He is often associated with humanistic psychology and existentialist philosophy, and alongside Viktor Frankl, was a major proponent of existential psychotherapy. Wrote The Meaning of Anxiety based on Kierkegard’s The Concept of Anxiety.
A
Rollo May
23
Q
Roman poet and philosopher (born 99BC). His only known work is the philosophical poem De rerum natura, a didactic work about the tenets and philosophy of Epicureanism, which usually is translated into English as On the Nature of Things—and somewhat less often as On the Nature of the Universe.
A
Lucretius
24
Q
Born 1857 Switzerland, Swiss psychiatrist and humanist most notable for his contributions to the understanding of mental illness. He coined several psychiatric terms including “schizophrenia”, “schizoid”, “autism”, depth psychology.
A
Eugen Bleuler
25
Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, wrote On Aggression, King Solomon's Ring, Man Meets Dog.
Karl Lorenz
26
While an undergraduate at Harvard University, he began studying the navigational method of bats, which he identified as animal echolocation in 1944. In The Question of Animal Awareness (1976), he argued that animals are conscious like humans. Griffin was the originator of the concept of mentophobia: the denial of the consciousness of other animals by scientists.
Donald Griffin
27
French politician who has been the president of the National Rally (RN) since 2022, previously serving as acting president from September 2021 to November 2022 and as vice-president from 2019 to 2022. Succeeded Marine Le Pen in 2022.
Jordan Bardella
28
German politician who has been serving as co-chairwoman of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party alongside Tino Chrupalla since June 2022.
Alice Weidel
29
Mexican new president - first female
Sheinbaum
30
Who coined the term identity crisis? American psychologist.
Erik Erikson
31
New Zealand anthropologist known for his criticism of Margaret Mead's work on Samoan society, as described in her 1928 ethnography Coming of Age in Samoa.
Derek Freeman
32
Italian philosopher gives methods for memorizsing using diagrams of knowledge and experience in 1582? He proposed that the stars were distant suns surrounded by their own planets (exoplanets), and he raised the possibility that these planets might foster life of their own, a cosmological position known as cosmic pluralism. He also insisted that the universe is infinite and could have no center. The Inquisition found him guilty, and he was burned alive at the stake in Rome's Campo de' Fiori in 1600.
Giordano Bruno
33
Born 1859 Paris, pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory. He was the first to introduce the link between past experiences and present-day disturbances and was noted for his studies involving induced somnambulism. Coined words dissociation and subconscious.
Pierre Janet
34
Born 1901 Paris, French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. known for the mirror stage, the real, the symbolic, the imaginary, objet petit a, split subject.
Jacques Lacan
35
Born Prague 1952, American academic who writes about continental philosophy, literary studies, psychoanalysis, political philosophy, and ethics. Wrote Dictations: On Haunted Writing, The Telephone Book: Technology - Schizophrenia - Electric Speech (1989), Crack Wars: Literature, Addiction, Mania, Finitude's Score: Essays for the End of the Millenium. Done for sexual harassment in 2018.
Avital Ronell
36
best known for her essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?" and her translation of and introduction to Jacques Derrida's De la grammatologie. Won 2012 Kyoto Prize.
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
37
first book, published in 1973, was Le titre de la lettre (The Title of the Letter, 1992), a reading of the work of French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, written in collaboration with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. La remarque spéculative in 1973 (The Speculative Remark, 2001) on Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Le Discours de la syncope (1976) and L'Impératif catégorique (1983) on Immanuel Kant, Ego sum (1979) on René Descartes, and Le Partage des voix (1982) on Martin Heidegger.
Jean-Luc Nancy
38
His breakthrough work was 1989's The Sublime Object of Ideology, his first book in English. 2020 Pandemic! Covid-19 Shakes the World., Living in the End Times, The Parallax View, Enjoy your symptom! Jacques Lacan in Hollywood and Out
Slavoj Zizek
39
Australian philosopher, feminist theorist, and professor working in the U.S. Born 1952, Her works include:
Sexual Subversions: Three French Feminists (1989)
Jacques Lacan: A Feminist Introduction (1990)
Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism (1994)
Space, Time and Perversion: Essays on the Politics of Bodies (1995)
Elizabeth Grosz
40
1874 American psychologist, powerful impact on reinforcement theory and behavior analysis, providing the basic framework for empirical laws in behavior psychology with his law of effect. Father of educational psychology. Original apparatus used in his puzzle-box experiments as seen in Animal Intelligence (Jun 1898).
Edward Thorndike
41
American psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism, establishing it as a psychological school. Through his behaviorist approach, he conducted research on animal behavior, child rearing, and advertising, as well as conducting the controversial "Little Albert" experiment and the Kerplunk experiment.
John B(roadus) Watson
42
American psychologist, behaviorist, inventor, and social philosopher. He also used operant conditioning to strengthen behavior, considering the rate of response to be the most effective measure of response strength. To study operant conditioning, he invented the operant conditioning chamber, his namesake box. He imagined the application of his ideas to the design of a human community in his 1948 utopian novel, Walden Two. 1958 book Verbal Behaviour.
B F Skinner
43
American behavioural psychologist theories went against those of Thorndike’s classical conditioning and Skinner’s operant conditioning due mainly to his insistence that their "desire for results of immediate practical applications" led to their theories being wrong. Developed ONE-TRIAL LEARNING or SINGLE-TRIAL LEARNING.
Edwin GUTHRIE
44
an American psychologist who sought to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior. He is known for his debates with Edward C. Tolman. He is also known for his work in drive theory. He is perhaps best known for the "goal gradient" effect or hypothesis, wherein organisms spend disproportionate amounts of effort in the final stages of attainment of the object of drives.
Clark L Hull
45
American psychologist he founded what is now a branch of psychology known as purposive behaviorism, also promoted the concept known as latent learning first coined by Blodgett (1929). Book "Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men" suggests we develop cognitive maps while we go about daily life.
Edward Tolman
46
South African psychiatrist and one of the most influential figures in behavior therapy and was entrusted to treat soldiers who were diagnosed with what was then called "war neurosis" but today is known as post traumatic stress disorder. Most well known for his reciprocal inhibition techniques, particularly systematic desensitization, which revolutionized behavioral therapy.
Joseph Wolpe
47
Born in Cordoba 1126, Andalusian polymath, his philosophical works include numerous commentaries on Aristotle, for which he was known in the Western world as The Commentator and Father of Rationalism. In medicine, he proposed a new theory of stroke, described the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease for the first time, and might have been the first to identify the retina as the part of the eye responsible for sensing light. His medical book Al-Kulliyat fi al-Tibb, translated into Latin and known as the Colliget, became a textbook in Europe for centuries.
Ibn Rushd (AVERROES)
48
Born near Seville, Spain in 11th century an Arab physician, surgeon, and poet, performed the first experimental tracheotomy on a goat. He is thought to have made the earliest description of bezoar stones as medicinal items. Major work: Book of Simplification Concerning Therapeutics and Diet.
Ibn Zuhr (AVENZOAR)
49
English psychologist known for work in statistics, his theory that disparate cognitive test scores reflect a single general intelligence factor and coining the term g factor.
Charles Spearman
50
American psychiatrist is regarded as the father of cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Also developed self-report measures for depression and anxiety, notably the ____ Depression Inventory (BDI).
Aaron Beck
51
His theory of learned helplessness is popular among scientific and clinical psychologists. American psychologist born 1942.
Martin SELIGMAN
52
He is known as the originator of social learning theory, social cognitive theory, and the theoretical construct of self-efficacy, and is also responsible for the influential 1961 Bobo doll experiment. Born 1925 Canada.
Albert BANDURA
53
Spanish neuroscientist, pathologist, and histologist specializing in neuroanatomy and the central nervous system. He and Camillo Golgi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906. Developed theory that body nervous system is made up of cells later called neurons.
Santiago Ramon y Cajal
54
1907 London: British psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory. three now classic papers: "The Nature of the Child's Tie to His Mother" (1958), "Separation Anxiety" (1959), and "Grief and Mourning in Infancy and Early Childhood" (1960). Mountain in Krygyzstan named after him.
John BOWLBY
55
Which psychologist coined introvert and extrovert?
Carl Jung
56
an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology. He proposed that contributing to others (social interest or Gemeinschaftsgefühl) was how the individual feels a sense of worth and belonging in the family and society. His earlier work focused on inferiority,[3] coining the term inferiority complex, an isolating element which he argued plays a key role in personality development.
Alfred ADLER
57
Who wrote The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence in 1936? Alongside Hermine Hug-Hellmuth and Melanie Klein, she may be considered the founder of psychoanalytic child psychology.
Anna Freud
58
Her book, A Young Girl's Diary (1921) endorsed by Freud, She became a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society from 1913 to 1924 but was murdered by her nephew, on 9 September 1924. She is regarded as the first psychoanalyst practicing with children and the first to conceptualize the technique of psychoanalysing children.
Hermine Hug-Hellmuth
59
Austrian-British author and psychoanalyst known for her work in child analysis. She was the primary figure in the development of object relations theory. Coined term REPARATION (making mental repairs to a damaged world).
Melanie KLEIN
60
German psychoanalyst who practiced in the United States during her later career. Her theories questioned some traditional Freudian views. This was particularly true of her theories of sexuality and of the instinct orientation of psychoanalysis. Founded feminist psychology in response to Freud penis envy. Theory of neurosis and gave ten neurotic needs.
Karen HORNEY
61
German-American psychologist who was German Jew who fled Nazi regime, wrote The Fear of Freedom (alt title Escape from Freedom).
Erich Fromm
62
Which German philosopher wrote Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud (1955), title alludes to Freud's Civilisation and Its Discontents, attempts a synthesis of theories of Marx and Freud. He also did One-Dimensional Man (1964).
Herbert Marcuse
63
The 2022 novel "The Guest" is about a 22-year-old escort who gets kicked out of a party by the much older man she's staying with. She then adopts false identities in an attempt to regain access to high society. It is the second book by what American author who also wrote 2016's "The Girls"?
Emma CLINE
64
A classic tip for making tomato sauce is to add what herb from a laurel plant? Be careful to remove it before blending or serving though; it's not edible!
BAY LEAF
65
Which first NASA space station was launched into orbit in May 1973? It was occupied for about 24 weeks over three missions by astronauts carrying out experiments there, then abandoned. It reentered the earth's atmosphere in July 1979 due to a decaying orbit.
SKYLAB
66
What occupation appears in the English titles of the 1997 debut film from Jia Zhangke and a 1959 Robert Bresson film? Bresson's includes scenes of Martin LaSalle as title character Michel practicing in a bar and at work with his crew in a Paris train station.
Pickpocket
67
Opened in 2000, the Lótus Bridge is a 6-lane bridge that connects China to the special autonomous region of Macau. The bridge's unique looping design was created to solve what specific problem at the border?
Drive on Different Sides
68
The fast-food chain known as Carl's Jr. on the West Coast is known by what name in most of the Midwest and Southern U.S.? Since they merged in 1997, these brands have gradually moved toward similar menu offerings and visual branding
HARDEE'S
69
The abolitionist Martin Delany was one the three African Americans admitted to Harvard Medical School in 1850 before white students protested and they were asked to leave. He had previously copublished which newspaper with Frederick Douglass?
The North Star
70
Which wrestler won the 2018 Men’s Royal Rumble? The King of Strong Style, he got his start in New Japan Pro Wrestling and is known stateside for his dynamic entrance accompanied by his iconic violinfilled theme music.
Shinsuke NAKAMURA
71
In 1954, the Robbers Cave summer camp experiment was an early attempt to study the development of conflict in intergroup relations. It was run by a husband-and-wife team of psychologists with what surname?
Muzafer and Carolyn Wood SHERIF
72
In 2021, the MGM executive George Kliavkoff oversaw the sale of which WNBA franchise to Mark Davis for an obscenely low $2 million? Just two years later, the Seattle Storm were valued at $151 million, and this team won the 2023 WNBA Finals. Team name required.
Las Vegas ACES
73
The first instance of a photorealistic CGI character in a feature film was a stained-glass knight in a 1985 movie. The film starred Nicholas Rowe as a "Young" version of what literary character who has been a movie mainstay since the Silent era?
Sherlock HOLMES
74
Which grassland swamp on the Nile is one of the world's largest wetlands? It has been difficult to transport construction materials to Ramciel, the planned future capital of South Sudan, because it is near this dense swamp.
SUDD
75
Administrative centre and capital of Palestine is what?
Ramallah
76
Which Tamil kingdom, based in the north of modern-day Sri Lanka, was a major economic and cultural power in the 14th century? It shares its name with the large peninsula in northern Sri Lanka.
JAFFNA Kingdom
77
Which type of ear piercing, created by Erik Dakota in the 1990s, involves a straight barbell passing through either side of the upper ear cartilage, requiring two piercings? In the UK, this piercing would also be known as a scaffold piercing
INDUSTRIAL
78
In ice hockey, which minor offence can involve a player coming into contact with the opposing goalie to impede the goalie's movement? The referee signals this penalty by crossing their arms to form an X in front of their chest.
Goalie INTERFERENCE
79
Martin Delany also published articles in which other abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison? Many early editions of this paper covered reactions to David Walker's "Appeal."
The LIBERATOR
80
Two psychologists were inspired by the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese to conduct experiments studying the bystander effect, though further study suggests their findings do not hold in real emergencies. Name either of these two psychologists.
John DARLEY or Bibb LATANÉ
81
Which wrestler won the inaugural 2018 Women’s Royal Rumble? She developed her trademark face paint as Kana in Japan and has been a mainstay in WWE since she signed on in 2015.
ASUKA
82
Which type of ear piercing, co-created by Erik Dakota in the 1990s, involves a captive bead ring passing through the ear's innermost cartilage fold? Dakota was inspired by a Hebrew word for "knowledge" to create its name.
DAITH
83
Which Sinhalese kingdom in southwestern Sri Lanka named after its capital conquered the Jaffna kingdom and unified the island in the 15th century? It flourished until the late 17th century, when it was annexed into Sitawaka and Kandy under pressure from the Portuguese Empire.
Kingdom of KOTTE
84
In ice hockey, which minor offence can involve a player forcefully swinging their stick at an opposing player whether or not there is contact? The referee signals this penalty by extending one arm and performing a chopping motion with the other.
SLASHING
85
The sun's termination shock is the point at which what stream of charged particles slows to subsonic speeds due to pressure from the interstellar medium, forming the boundaries of the heliosphere?
SOLAR WINDS
86
What carnivorous plants, which can be found in various genera, use specialized leaves to trap and drown their prey in a hanging pouch filled with nectar? Their common name comes from their jug-like shape
PITCHER plants
87
China's Yongle Bridge in Tianjin is the world's only bridge with what special feature? More than 800 people an hour travel over the bridge this way, though they don't cross the river. When it was built in 2007, only similar structures in London, Nanchang, and Singapore were bigger.
Ferris Wheel
88
A modern tip for making tomato sauce is to add umami with a funky fermented liquid characteristic of Vietnamese cooking. What is the two-word name (in English or Vietnamese) of this salty brown condiment?
FISH SAUCE
89
Which album references Superman in its song "The Man of Metropolis Steals Our Hearts"? Superman is pictured on the original cover art of this album, but not for the Broadway musical based on it that also includes "Casimir Pulaski Day".
ILLINOIS (by Sufjan Stevens) or
Come On! Feel the ILLINOISE!
90
The 2020 Agatha Christie-esque mystery novel "The Guest List" is about a murder that happens during a wedding where each guest has a secret they want to protect at all costs. It is the fourth novel by what English author?
Lucy FOLEY
91
Who was the first fully CGI character to star in the lead role of a movie? Malachai Pearson provided his voice and Devon Sawa portrayed him more corporeally late in his 1995 movie.
CASPER the Friendly Ghost
92
Located in the Indian state of Manipur, which freshwater lake is the largest in South Asia? It is a unique wetland ecosystem due to its many floating islands known as phumdis.
LOKTAK Lake
93
Japanese soba noodles are made mostly out of flour from what plant? Despite its name, this flour is gluten-free.
Buckwheat
94
What Jewish Latvian immigrant to the U.S. became the first woman to bicycle around the world in 1895? She renamed herself after the lithia water company that sponsored her trip, a name shared with the longer official name of a Northern Irish city and county.
Annie Cohen Kopchovsky
LONDONDERRY
95
Austrian neurologist, psychologist, philosopher, and Holocaust survivor, who founded logotherapy, a school of psychotherapy that describes a search for a life's meaning as the central human motivational force. The autobiographical Man's Search for Meaning, a best-selling book, is based on his experiences in various Nazi concentration camps.
Viktor Frankl
96
Who defined the concept of self-actualisation in Motivation and Personality in 1954?
Abraham Maslow
97
What are the five stages of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs starting at bottom?
Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Love and Belonging
Self-Esteem
Self-Actualisation
98
Who presented a controversial paper on Envy and Gratitude affirming the innate presence of the "death instinct"?
Melanie Klein
99
American psychologist and psychotherapist who founded rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). He is generally considered to be one of the originators of the cognitive revolutionary paradigm shift in psychotherapy and an early proponent and developer of cognitive-behavioral therapies. In 1958 published "Sex without Guilt" known for advocacy of a liberal attitude towards sex.
Albert Ellis
100
American author, clinical social worker and psychotherapist, recognized for her approach to family therapy. Her pioneering work in the field of family reconstruction therapy honored her with the title "Mother of Family Therapy". Her most well-known books are Conjoint Family Therapy, 1964, Peoplemaking, 1972, and The New Peoplemaking, 1988.
Virginia Satir
101
Born in Egg, born Theophrastus von Hohenheim, was a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance. He was a pioneer in several aspects of the "medical revolution" of the Renaissance, emphasizing the value of observation in combination with received wisdom.
Paracelsus
102
Born Bertha Pappenheim, patient treated successfully by a talking cure by Josef Breuer who worked on hypnosis against hysteria and mental illness, case name?
Anna O
103
Of three mind design by Freud which part of the pysche is unconscious?
Id
104
Which part of the psyche as per Freud is partly conscious and partly preconscious and unconscious thought?
Ego
105
American sociologist born 1864 He was a founding member of the American Sociological Association in 1905 and became its eighth president in 1918. He is perhaps best known for his concept of the looking-glass self, which is the concept that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others.
Charles Horton COOLEY
106
best-known work is his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949), in which he discusses his theory of the journey of the archetypal hero shared by world mythologies, termed the monomyth. His philosophy has been summarized by his own often repeated phrase: "Follow your bliss." He gained recognition in Hollywood when George Lucas credited his work as influencing his Star Wars saga.
Joseph Campbell
107
What word did Jung use to describe the masculine component of the female personality?
Animus
108
What word did Jung use to describe the feminine component of the man (male psyche)?
Anima
109
Born 1942 American psychiatrist, He is the author of bestselling books such as Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy, The Feeling Good Handbook and Feeling Great: The Revolutionary New Treatment for Depression and Anxiety. Popularized Albert Ellis's and Aaron T. Beck's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), had a namesake ____ Depression Checklist.
David Burns
110
Albert Ellis created therapy called REBT what does that stand for?
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
111
American psychologist and author known for his strong advocacy of psychedelic drugs.President Richard Nixon called him "the most dangerous man in America". founded the Harvard Psilocybin Project after a revealing experience with magic mushrooms he had in Mexico in 1960. He led the Project from 1960 to 1962, testing the therapeutic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin. He popularized catchphrases that promoted his philosophy, such as "turn on, tune in, drop out", "set and setting", and "think for yourself and question authority".
Timothy Leary
112
LSD, known as acid or lucy, stands for what?
Lysergic acid diethylamide
113
American spiritual teacher, guru of modern yoga, psychologist, and writer. His best-selling 1971 book Be Here Now, which has been described by multiple reviewers as "seminal", helped popularize Eastern spirituality and yoga in the West. He authored or co-authored twelve more books on spirituality over the next four decades, including Grist for the Mill (1977), How Can I Help? (1985), and Polishing the Mirror (2013).
Ram Dass (born Richard Alpert)
114
115
minister, physician, and psychiatrist most famous for the "Good Friday Experiment", also referred to as the Marsh Chapel Experiment or the "Miracle of Marsh Chapel". Conducted the "Good Friday Experiment" as part of his Ph.D. thesis in Religion and Society under his thesis advisors Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert.
Walter Pahnke
116
117
1904 Grantchester, English anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, visual anthropologist, semiotician, and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of many other fields. His writings include Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972) and Mind and Nature (1979). Known for Double bind, ecology of mind, deuterolearning, schismogenesis, married to Margaret Mead.
Gregory Bateson
118
British psychologist and the first professor of experimental psychology at the University of Cambridge. He was one of the forerunners of cognitive psychology as well as cultural psychology. Books: Psychology and Primitive Culture (1923), Remembering (1932) including famous experiment on book "War of the Ghosts".
Frederic Bartlett
119
Who in 1950 published Computing Machinery and Intelligence in which he describes the human brain as an "organised machine" that learns through experience?
Alan TURING
120
Whose 1957 book A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance suggested there is a human drive for consistency of beliefs? This person personally infiltrated a doomsday cult for study, known also in social network theory for the proximity effect (propinquity).
Leon FESTINGER
120
American psychologist most famous for the human brain only holding seven chunks of info at once (said to be plus or minus two)
George Armitage MILLER
121
British cognitive scientist whose main contributions were in focused auditory attention, specifically the cocktail party problem regarding the capacity to follow one conversation while many other conversations are going on in a noisy room.
Colin CHERRY
122
Estonian-born Canadian experimental psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist. In his research on human memory he proposed the distinction between semantic (more general knowledge) and episodic (previous experience) memory.
Endel TULVING
123
Who names the effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century, named after researcher James ____ (1934–2020). When intelligence quotient (IQ) tests are initially standardized using a sample of test-takers, by convention the average of the test results is set to 100 and their standard deviation is set to 15 or 16 IQ points.
Flynn Effect
124
American cognitive scientist and author of the "universal law of generalization" (1987). He was considered a father of research on spatial relations. He studied mental rotation, and was an inventor of non-metric multidimensional scaling, a method for representing certain kinds of statistical data in a graphical form that can be comprehended by humans. The optical illusion called _______ tables and the auditory illusion called _______ tones are named for him.
Roger Shepard
125
American psychologist who is best known in relation to the misinformation effect, false memory and criticism of recovered memory therapies. research includes the effects of phrasing on the perceptions of automobile crashes, the "lost in the mall" technique and the manipulation of food preferences through the use of false memories. has provided expert testimony or consultation for lawyers in over 300 court cases, including for the legal teams of Ghislaine Maxwell, Harvey Weinstein, Ted Bundy, O.J. Simpson, Angelo Buono and Robert Durst. She has also written many books, including The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories & Allegations of Sexual Abuse and Witness for the Defense.
Elizabeth Loftus
126
Soviet psychologist of Lithuanian origin, a member of the Berlin School of experimental psychology and the so-called Vygotsky Circle. She contributed to the establishment of experimental psychopathology as a separate discipline in the Soviet Union in the post-World War II period. Born 1900, she had found that interrupted tasks are remembered better than completed ones; this is now known as the Zeigarnik effect.
Bluma Zeigarnik
127
Russian-German-American psychologist. She studied what is now known as the __________ effect, a variation of the Zeigarnik effect. She worked in a variety of psychology jobs, including working with schizophrenia patients. She wrote books about psychological testing.
Maria Ovsiankina
128
German pyschologist born 1887 in Reval (Tallinn), In 1913, he left Frankfurt for the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands, where he had been named the director of the Prussian Academy of Sciences anthropoid research station. He worked there for six years, during which he wrote a book on problem solving titled The Mentality of Apes (1917). In this research, he observed how chimpanzees solve problems.
Wolfgang Köhler
129
On top of semantic memory (facts and knowledge) and episodic memory (events and recollections), which type of memory stores methods and techniques?
Procedural Memory
130
Born DC 1934, American psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco who is a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions. Work went towards TV show Lie to Me. Books: Telling Lies, Emotions Revealed, Emotional Awareness.
Paul Ekman
131
Which Croatian psychologist born in Fiume, italy (now Rijeka Croatia) was known for 1990 book Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience? 1975 book Beyond Boredom and Anxiety.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
132
Born 1942 New York, His theory of learned helplessness is popular among scientific and clinical psychologists.
Martin Seligman
133
American psychologist who is best known in relation to the misinformation effect, false memory and criticism of recovered memory therapies. Did the "Lost in the Mall" experiment with false memories. Done lots of court cases. Born 1944 USA.
Elizabeth Loftus
134
Who wrote the 2001 book The Seven Sins of Memory: namely Transcience, Absent-Mindedness, Blocking, Misattribution, Suggestability, Bias, Persistence?
Daniel Schacter
135
American medicine professor and psychologist teaches mindfulness for anxiety, stress etc. The stress reduction program created by this person, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), is offered by medical centers, hospitals, and health maintenance organizations, and is described in his book Full Catastrophe Living.
Jon KABAT-ZINN
136
Turkish-American social psychologist. He helped develop social judgment theory and realistic conflict theory. Carried out 1935 autokinetic effect experiments demonstrating the tendency for groups to conform. Led to 1950s Robbers Cave experiment.
Muzafer Sherif
137
Kurt Lewin conceived a cultural distinction named after two fruits. ____ cultures include India, USA, and most of Latin America plus southern Europe. _____ tend to be soft and friendly on the surface, even with strangers, but have a hard protective inner core. _____ cultures include China, Russia and most of Europe except the south. Folk from ____ cultures have a soft inner core, but a tough exterior than can lead to a perception of unfriendliness with strangers.
Peach v Coconut
138
Born 1907 Warsaw, American psychologist known for his namesake conformity experiments about lines of different lengths.
Solomon Asch
139
American psychologist. Known for his trait theory: three level hierarchy of Cardinal, Central and Secondary. Also developed the PROPRIUM, 8 steps from first year "sense of bodily me" to adulthood "emergence of self as knower". Came up with genotypes (internal forces relating to retaining info) and phenotypes (external forces). Also a namesake scale of manifestation of prejudice in society from antilocution to extermination.
Gordon Allport
140
French sociologist, criminologist and social psychologist who conceived sociology as based on small psychological interactions among individuals (much as if it were chemistry), the fundamental forces being imitation and innovation. Born 1843 Dordogne.
Gabriel Tarde
141
Italian eugenicist, criminologist, phrenologist, physician, and founder of the Italian school of criminology. He is considered the founder of modern criminal anthropology by changing the Western notions of individual responsibility. Born 1835 Verona, theory of anthropological criminology essentially stated that criminality was inherited, and that someone "born criminal" could be identified by physical (congenital) defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage or atavistic.
Cesare LOMBROSO
142
American psychologist who has carried out experiments on the theory of cognitive dissonance and invented the Jigsaw Classroom, a cooperative teaching technique that facilitates learning while reducing interethnic hostility and prejudice. In his 1972 social psychology textbook, The Social Animal, he stated ______'s First Law: "People who do crazy things are not necessarily crazy", thus asserting the importance of situational factors in bizarre behavior.
Elliot ARONSON
143
Polish-born American social psychologist who is known for his decades of work on a wide range of social and cognitive processes. One of his most important contributions to social psychology is the mere-exposure effect. Did work on physical similarities of long-term couples and more similar faces were good thing for couples.
Robert ZAJONC
144
a psychological test, used in developmental psychology to measure a person's social cognitive ability to attribute false beliefs to others. Based on the earlier ground-breaking study by Wimmer and Perner (1983), the _____-_____ test was so named by Simon Baron-Cohen, Alan M. Leslie, and Uta Frith (1985) who developed the test further; Two girls names.
Sally-Anne Test
145
(E–S) theory is a theory on the psychological basis of autism and male–female neurological differences originally put forward by English clinical psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen. What does E and S stand for in this context?
Empathising-Systemising Theory
146
Iraq prison known for bad behaviour from guards in 2004 court case Philip Zimbardo defended a former guard
Philip Zimbardo
147
a scholar, social psychologist, philosopher and Jesuit priest who was born in Valladolid, Castilla y Leon, Spain and died in San Salvador, El Salvador. He was one of the victims of the 1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador.
Ignacio Martin-Baro
148
American psychologist best known for his maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which manifested the importance of caregiving and companionship to social and cognitive development.
Harry HARLOW
149
American-Canadian developmental psychologist known for her work in the development of the attachment theory. She designed the strange situation procedure to observe early emotional attachment between a child and their primary caregiver.
Mary Ainsworth
150
an American psychologist best known for his theory of stages of moral development. Work on Piaget's children's moral development, this guy At the same time he was creating a new field within psychology: "moral development", known for namesake stages of moral development.
Lawrence KOHLBERG
151
German pedagogue born 1782, a student of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. He created the concept of the kindergarten and coined the word, which soon entered the English language as well. He also developed the educational toys known as ______ gifts.
Friedrich Frobel
152
Born 1746 Zurich, Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart". Thanks to him, illiteracy in 18th-century Switzerland was overcome almost completely by 1830.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
153
In sociology, a group of two people, the smallest possible social group - from greek for pair.
Dyad
154
Born 1855, German sociologist, economist, and philosopher. He was a significant contributor to sociological theory and field studies, best known for distinguishing between two types of social groups, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft (community and society).
Ferdinand Tonnies
155
American psychologist born 1915 coined the word scaffolding in educational psychology. In accordance with this understanding of learning, he proposed the spiral curriculum, a teaching approach in which each subject or skill area is revisited at intervals, at a more sophisticated level each time. Found New Look Principle from experiment changing red/black cards in a deck.
Jerome BRUNER
156
Russian psychologist known for child development "zone of proximal development" - 1896-1934
Lev Vygotsky
157
Swiss psychologist known for child development 1896-1980
Jean Piaget
158
1967 book The Children of the Dream about time spent on a Kibbutz looking at how children were cared for. 1903-1990.
Bruno Bettelheim
159
American child psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings. Most famous: Childhood and Society (1950). He coined the phrase identity crisis.
Won Pulitzer Prize in 1970. Best-known contributions to the psychology of religion were his book length psychobiographies, Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History, on Martin Luther, and Gandhi's Truth, on Mohandas K. Gandhi, for which he remarkably won the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award.
Erik Erikson
160
British psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory. 1988 work A Secure Base, did the Maternal Care and Mental Health report. Mountain in Kyrgyzstan named after him.
John Bowlby
161
American psychologist born 1914 in the Panama Canal Zone, known for the "doll test" where African-American children would prefer white dolls which could be interpreted as indirect self-rejection. 1947: Racial Identification and Preference in Negro Children, 1955: Prejudice and Your Child, 1965: Dark Ghetto.
Kenneth Clark
162
American psychologist who was most recognized for her research and scholarly contributions to the fields of gender studies and developmental psychology. 1966: The Development of Sex Differences, 1974: The Psychology of Sex Differences, 1996: Adolescents after Divorce.
Eleanor Maccoby
163
In a 1993 paper titled "The Five Sexes", which American sexologist laid out a thought experiment considering an alternative model of gender containing five sexes: male, female, merm, ferm, and herm. She later said that the paper "had intended to be provocative, but I had also written with tongue firmly in cheek". 1985: Myths of Gender, 2000: Sexing the Body: Gender Politics and the Construction of Sexuality, 2012: Sex/Gender.
Anne Fausto-Sterling
164
1927 American psychologist known for stages of moral development - two preconventional stages, two conventional and two post conventional stages where ultimate judge of morals based on conscience and univeral principles rather than social norms. Commited suicide in 1987 by walking into Atlantic - struggled with parasite picked up 16 years ago.
Lawrence Kohlberg
165
American known for Syntactic Structures (1957), Language and Mind (1968), Requiem for the American Dream (2017), American Power and the New Mandarins (1969)?
Noam Chomsky
166
American psychologist known for The Language Instinct (1994), How the Mind Works (1997), The Blank Slate (2002), The Better Angels of our Nature: Why Violence has Declined (2011), Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters (2021)?
Steven Pinker
167
The concepts of fluid intelligence (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc) were introduced in 1963 by which British psychologist? Fluid intelligence (gf) involved basic processes of reasoning and other mental activities that depend only minimally on prior learning. Crystallized intelligence (gc) includes learned procedures and knowledge.
Raymond Cattell
168
one of the most commonly used measures of fluid ability. It is a non-verbal multiple-choice test. Participants have to complete a series of drawings by identifying relevant features based on the spatial organization of an array of objects and choosing one object that matches one or more of the identified features. _____'s Progressive Matrices (RPM).
Raven (John C Raven)
169
a pseudoscientific self-report questionnaire that claims to indicate differing "psychological types" (often commonly called "personality types"). The test assigns a binary value to each of four categories: introversion or extraversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. One letter from each category is taken to produce a four-letter test result representing one of sixteen possible types, such as "INFP" or "ESTJ".
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
170
Myers Briggs Test: what's the opposite of SENSING (S)?
Intuition (N)
171
Myers Briggs Test: what's the opposite of THINKING (T)?
Feeling (F)
172
Myers Briggs Test: what's the opposite of Judging (J)?
Perceiving (P)
173
Christine Costner Sizemore (April 4, 1927 – July 24, 2016) was an American woman who, in the 1950s, was diagnosed with multiple personality disorder, now known as dissociative identity disorder. Her case was depicted in the 1950s book of which name by Corbett Thigpen and Hervey Cleckley later made into film starring Joanne Woodward?
The Three Faces of Eve
174
an IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents. Published in 1955 at Bellevue Hospital in NYC - WAIS
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
175
Big Five personality traits, sometimes known as "the five-factor model of personality" or "OCEAN model", are a grouping of five unique characteristics used to study personality. What are they?
Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
176
Hans Eysenck known for his PEN model where PEN stands for what three words?
Psychoticism, Extraversion and Neuroticism
177
hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions and is one of the earliest theories of emotion within modern psychology. It was developed by philosopher John Dewey and named for two 19th-century scholars an American and a Dane.
James-Lange theory
178
Which psychologist did the First conducted in the early 1970s, the marshmallow test worked like this: A preschooler was placed in a room with a marshmallow, told they could eat the marshmallow now or wait and get two later, then left alone while the clock ticked and a video camera rolled.
Walter MISCHEL
179
Born 1859, Vermont, American philosopher and pyschologist wrote Democracy and Education (1916), Experience and Education (1938), How We Think (1910). Profound belief in democracy. Grandchild American anthropologist who studied Javanese society who was Ann Dunham's doctoral teacher (Obama's mum).
John Dewey (Alice is granddaughter)
180
English anthropologist, neurologist, ethnologist and psychiatrist known for treatment of First World War officers suffering shell shock, so they could be returned to combat. Rivers' most famous patient was the war poet Siegfried Sassoon, with whom he remained close friends until his own sudden death. He was the first to use a double-blind procedure in investigating physical and psychological effects of consumption of tea, coffee, alcohol and drugs.
WHR Rivers
181
Born 1871, German psychologist and philosopher who originated personalistic psychology, coined the term intelligence quotient (IQ) and invented the tone variator as a new way to study human perception of sound.
William Stern
182
psychologist who was one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, along with Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler. He is known for his book, Productive Thinking, and for conceiving the phi phenomenon as part of his work in Gestalt psychology. Said "the whole is more than the sum of its parts".
Max Wertheimer
183
Australian born psychologist, industrial researcher, and organizational theorist, In Philadelphia he conducted research at a textile plant in order to develop a method to reduce the very high rate of turnover in the plant. His association with the Hawthorne studies as well as his research and work in Australia led to his enjoying a public acclaim granted to few social scientists of his day.
Elton Mayo
184
American psychologist who sought to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior. Hull is known for his debates with Edward C. Tolman. He is also known for his work in drive theory. He is perhaps best known for the "goal gradient" effect or hypothesis, wherein organisms spend disproportionate amounts of effort in the final stages of attainment of the object of drives.
Clark L Hull
185
American psychologist discussed cartoonist W. E. Hill's "My Wife and My Mother-in-Law" in a 1930 journal article, explaining that this illustration was an accurate representation of the phenomena because the two different images are interpenetrating one another with no formal dividing line, known as ______ figure (old lady, young lady). Book: History of Experimental Pyschology (1929).
Edwin Boring
186
Danish psychologist/phenomenologist, remembered for his work on figure-ground perception as seen in such optical illusions like the ______ vase.
Edgar Rubin
187
the tendency for perception to impose a meaningful interpretation on a nebulous stimulus, usually visual, so that one detects an object, pattern, or meaning where there is none. Seeing faces in inanimate objects. From greek for beside image.
Pareidolia
188
German born female psychologist founded Vienna Institute of Psychology in 1922. Rather than Jung's three stages of life, she proposed four: birth-15, 16-25, 26-45, 46-65. Her World Test is a therapeutic device that uses set of numbered miniatures to reveal a child's inner emotional world.
Charlotte Buhler
189
1902 born Kazan, Soviet neuropsychologist, often credited as a father of modern neuropsychology. He became famous for his studies of low-educated populations of nomadic Uzbeks in the Uzbek SSR arguing that they demonstrate different (and lower) psychological performance. known for two extraordinary psychological case studies: The Mind of a Mnemonist, about Solomon Shereshevsky, who had highly advanced memory; and The Man with a Shattered World, about Lev Zasetsky, a man with a severe traumatic brain injury.
Alexander Luria
190
American neuropsychologist, neurobiologist, cognitive neuroscientist, and Nobel laureate who, together with David Hunter Hubel and Torsten Nils Wiesel, won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his work with split-brain research. Split the Corpus Callosum to prevent epilepsy induced seizures.
Roger Walcott SPERRY
191
Born 1918, Polish-American social psychologist, conducted a well-known experiment in which he observed the interaction of three mentally ill patients at the Ypsilanti State Hospital, each of whom believed he was Jesus Christ, from 1959 to 1961. The book he wrote about the experiment, The Three Christs of Ypsilanti, was subsequently adapted into a screenplay, a stage play, two operas and a movie. His book The Nature of Human Values (1973) and the ________ Value Survey (see values scales), which the book served as the test manual for, occupied the final years of his career.
Milton ROKEACH
192
Born 1902 Vienna, philosopher The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934), The Poverty of Historicism (1936), The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945).
Karl Popper
193
an Austrian Expressionist painter. His work is noted for its intensity and its raw sexuality, and for the many self-portraits the artist produced, including nude self-portraits. The twisted body shapes and the expressive line that characterize, Klimt was his mentor. 1890-1918.
Egon Schiele
194
What is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to trigger a particular response by becoming paired with an unconditional stimulus?
Classical Conditioning
195
Law of Effect was proposed by which psychologist? Principle that where several responses to an event are possible, those that lead to reward tend to become more strongly associated with the event, while those that lead to punishment become more weakly associated.
Edward Thorndike
196
What type of conditioning is where the outcome depends upon an animal operating upon its environment e.g. pressing a lever to obtain food?
Operant Conditioning
197
What P is an approach to knowledge based on immediate experience as it occurs, without any attempt to categorise it through preconceptions, assumptions or interpretations?
Phenomenology
198
What P is the doctrine that sees ideas as rules for actions; the idea's validity is measured by its practical consequences?
Pragmatism
