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12 Grade Lessons > Psychology Semester 2 > Flashcards

Psychology Semester 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Actualizing Tendency

A

the desire to reach the various needs that humans have.

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2
Q

Agoraphobia

A

the fear of being in a place that a person cannot escape from or where he can’t get help if he experiences a panic attack.

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3
Q

Algorithms

A

systematic procedures that provide solutions

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4
Q

Alfred Binet

A

Developed the model for most of today’s intelligence tests.

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5
Q

Ambivalence

A

Conflicting thoughts and motives

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6
Q

Anti-social personality disorder

A

A chronic indifference to others that can include harming others or violating rights.

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7
Q

Anxiety

A

the apprehension or tension at anticipation of danger

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8
Q

Arousal Theory

A

States that each of us has an optimal level of arousal and that we are constantly trying to reach

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9
Q

Analogical reasoning

A

the process of understanding a novel or new situation by using a familiar one.

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10
Q

Appraisal theories

A

Focus on how individuals process and evaluate the situations they are in with relation to emotions

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11
Q

Basic level

A

the broadest category where items share common characteristics that are distinctive.

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12
Q

Big five factors

A

Including openness to experience

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13
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Characterized by one or more episodes of mania and one or more episodes of major depression.

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14
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Characterized by instability

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15
Q

Categories

A

groupings of things based on common characteristics

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16
Q

Charles Spearman

A

The person to use factor analysis to study intelligence.

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17
Q

Chunking

A

A strategy that can be used to increase the amount of information stored in short term memory.

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18
Q

Classical conditioning

A

one of the first types of learning to be studied and it is also referred to as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning

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19
Q

Conditional response

A

One that has been learned

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20
Q

Conditioned Stimulus

A

A stimulus that through learning comes to bring forth the response.

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21
Q

Concepts

A

Mental representations of categories

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22
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

the tendency to look for affirmation of what we already believe

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23
Q

Conscious mental processes

A

Mental activities that we are aware of

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24
Q

Culture pattern approach

A

suggests that individual personality reflects cultural practices

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25
Q

David Wechsler

A

Developed Intelligence tests that were less biased towards non-native English speakers.

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26
Q

Decay theory

A

Suggests that forgetting happens because of fading memory connections

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27
Q

Decision Making

A

the process of weighing the pros and cons of different alternatives and making a choice.

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28
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Involves reasoning fromaset of assumption or premises

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29
Q

Delusions

A

false beliefs

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30
Q

Distress

A

Negative stress or that which brings about negative feelings

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31
Q

Echoic Storage

A

the same as iconic storage only it refers to auditory information that is stored momentarily

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32
Q

Ego

A

The mental structure that balances between the id and the structure

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33
Q

Emotions

A

positive and negative emotions

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34
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

the ability to perceive emotions

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35
Q

Encoding

A

the processing of information and other input into your memory

36
Q

Episodic Memory

A

Memories of particular events that is specific to a context.

37
Q

Eu-stress

A

Healthy stress or that which brings positive feelings

38
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

Some form of external reward

39
Q

Extinction

A

A situation where no consequence follows the behavior.

40
Q

Extroversion

A

The tendency to be sociable and active

41
Q

Factors

A

Related elements in factor analysis

42
Q

False self

A

Begins as a mask that the individual wears and eventually adopts as their psychological self

43
Q

Factitious disorder

A

Occurs when an individual purposely tries to injure or make themselves sick

44
Q

Five- factor Model

A

Separates traits into types

45
Q

Generalized anxiety

A

A disorder in which an individual experiences anxiety and worry most of the time.

46
Q

General Adaption Syndrome

A

Has three stages : Alarm

47
Q

Goals

A

desired outcomes that we have through social learning

48
Q

Grammar

A

The system in a given language for generating acceptable utterances and for identifying those that are not acceptable

49
Q

Habituation

A

the decreased response to a stimulus after repeated presentation

50
Q

Health psychology

A

Studies of how psychological influences keep people healthy

51
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

States that basic survival has to be met before higher needs like esteem

52
Q

Howard Gardner

A

Came up with the theory of multiple intelligence’s

53
Q

Homeostasis

A

The tendency to move towards a need-free or drive-free state

54
Q

Iconic storage

A

Momentary visual information memory

55
Q

Instincts

A

Complex patterns of behavior that are genetically determined

56
Q

Interference

A

The confusion of two similar memories with each other

57
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Involves reasoning from specific information to general information

58
Q

Intelligence

A

our ability to apply the knowledge that we have to perform better in the environment that we are in

59
Q

Intelligence tests

A

measures of cognitive abilities that compare an individual to others

60
Q

Incentives

A

External rewards

61
Q

Instincts

A

Patterns of behavior that occur without learning and are relatively consistent

62
Q

Ideal Self

A

a perception about what the individual thought he should be

63
Q

Id

A

The part of us that is untamed and driven by impulse and instinct

64
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

the enjoyment of the activity itself

65
Q

Instinct Model

A

Focused on the drives and motivations that people have

66
Q

Introversion

A

The other end of a scale from extroversion and refers to being socially inhibited and cautious

67
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

A Russian physiologist who studied the digestive systems of dogs in the late nineteenth century and discovered classical conditioning

68
Q

Laws of association

A

The conditions under which a thought becomes connected to another

69
Q

Law of Continuation

A

says that two events can become connected to each other if they happen close together.

70
Q

Law of effect

A

says that an animal’s change of repeating a behavior depends on the behaviors consequence for the animal.

71
Q

Law of similarity

A

says that two things may become connected if they look like or resemble each other in someway

72
Q

Language

A

the system of symbols

73
Q

Learning

A

A lasting change in the way that a person (or animal) responds based on its experience

74
Q

Major depression

A

a depressed mood for the majority of the day

75
Q

Memory

A

our ability to take what we have observed and putting it into a form that we can share

76
Q

Mental models

A

Representation that predict

77
Q

Mental Simulations

A

Involves imagining the steps that you will have to take to solve the problem before you actually begin them.

78
Q

Mental Age

A

The average age at which children can achieve a certain score on an intelligence test

79
Q

Mental Disorders

A

Persistent abnormal functioning

80
Q

Modeling

A

Another form of observational learning and it involves people reproducing the behavior that they see in another.

81
Q

Motivated forgetting

A

Forgetting for a reason

82
Q

Morphemes

A

The smallest units of meaning

83
Q

Moods

A

Extended periods of an emotional state

84
Q

Motivation

A

The force behind the behavior that makes us avoid some aspects of life and to pursue other aspects

85
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

Characterized by grandiose thoughts of the self and unemphatic response to others

12 Grade Lessons (5 decks)

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