Psychology quiz 1 Flashcards
Psychology
Scientific study of the mind and behavior
Empirical research
Method for acquiring knowledge based on observations, including experimentations, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities
Behaviorism
Focus on observing and controlling behavior
Abraham Maslow
Humanist psychologist who came up with the hierarchy of needs. Higher up gets more complex, and you fill the needs from bottom to top
Three main features of Carl Rogers Client-centered approach
Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy
Industrial-organizational psychology
A subfield of psychology that applies psychological theories, principles, and research findings in industrial and organizational settings
Introspection
Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts
Hypothesis
Tentative and testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables
Independent variable
Variable that is influenced or controlled by the experimenter; difference between experiment and control group
Dependent variable
Variable that the researcher measures to see how much effect the independent variable had
Theory
Well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena
Naturalistic research
Observe things in their natural environment
Surveys (research)
Lists of questions sent to participants in a variety of forms
Archival research
Looking at past research and data sets to look for patterns
Case studies (research)
A study on a specific individual
Cross-sectional and longitudinal research
Research on multiple groups of people, and repeatedly over a long period of time
SSRI’s
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, organs, and senses in the periphery of the body
Dopamine and serotonin
Two neurotransmitters that regulate mood and sleep
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messenger of the nervous system
Synapse
The place where neurons connect and communicate with each other
Dendrite
Branch-like extension of the soma that receives incoming signals from other neurons
Hypothalamus
Forebrain structure that regulates sexual motivation and behavior and a number of homeostatic processes; serves as an interface between the nervous system and the endocrine system
Fight or flight response
Activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, allowing access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity so that we might fight off a given threat or run away to safety
Consciousness
Awareness of internal and external stimuli
Sleep debt
Result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis
Stages of sleep
Several different stages you experience while you’re sleeping, that can be differentiated by the patterns of brain wave activity
REM sleep
Sleep where there is darting movements of the eyes under closed lids
Sleep apnea
Sleep disorder defined by episodes during which breathing stops during sleep
Narcolepsy
Sleep disorder in which the sufferer cannot resist falling asleep at inopportune times
Tolerance
State of requiring increasing quantities of the drug to gain the desired affect
Withdrawal
Variety of negative symptoms experienced when drug use is discontinued
Psychological dependence
Emotional, rather than a physical, need for a drug which may be used to relieve psychological distress
Physical dependence
Changes in normal bodily functions that cause a drug user to experience withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use
