History midterm study guide Flashcards
Who is John Wycliffe?
John Wycliffe, known as the morning star, was the first person to really pave the way for the reformation. He was a professor at Oxford and translated the Bible to English from Latin, allowing others to know about God.
What were John Wycliffe’s beliefs, and why were they considered revolutionary?
He took the power away from the church/pope, and put it in the hands of the people. He also believed that the Bible should be put in the common language of the people, because Jesus had enabled the Gospel to be preached in everyone’s native tongue. This was revolutionary, because no one had ever done something like that before.
What ultimately happened to Wycliffe?
He had a stroke, and then his bones were dug up, and burned.
Who was Jan Hus?
Jan Hus, the goose, was a priest in Prague who continued Wycliff’s works and translations.
What were Jan Hus’ beliefs and why were they considered revolutionary?
He condemned the pope’s corruption, and this was wild, since not many people were condemning the pope, even after John Wycliffe.
What ultimately happened to Hus?
He was called to trial, considered a heretic, put in prison, and then burned at the stake.
TB SOAPS for the 95 theses
T - Stern
B - Catholic Monk
S - Martin Luther
O - October 31, 1517 (Many indulgences in the church, being used to build St. Peter’s cathedral)
A - Catholic Church, clergymen
P - Prompt discussion/ debate regarding church practices of indulgences
S - Indulgences
Describe the major themes of Martin Luther’s 95 theses. Describe Purgatory and Indulgences in detail according to Catholic theology.
Indulgences, Purgatory, Repentance
Too much focus on indulgences. The Pope has no control over purgatory. Indulgences should be a show of repentance, not before repentance. Indulgences can be good, but it would then be sacrificial and not towards purgatory but just towards the church. But a better way to show repentance is good works towards others.
Purgatory: A place where Christian souls go after death to be cleansed of the sins that were not fully fixed in life.
Indulgences: Paying to reduce the time your relatives spend in Purgatory
What was the significance of Luther’s Heidelberg disputation?
Luther clearly stated his belief that you mustn’t trust in your own works, but trust fully in Christ (Sola Fide)
What was the Exsurge Domine?
literally means “arise O Lord”
It was a papal bull ordered by Pope Leo X, declaring Luther’s teachings heretical, giving him 60 days to recant, and threatening excommunication
TB SOAPS for Decet Romanum Pontificem
T - frustrated
B - Catholic Pope
S - Pope Leo X
O - End of the 60 days of Exsurge Domine
A - Luther
P - Let Luther know 60 days are up and put into effect his excommunication
S - Excommunication of Luther
According to 16th century Catholicism, what were the implications to Martin Luther’s excommunication?
He no longer received the sacraments, and therefore has been cut off from salvation and the Grace of God
Discuss the proceedings of the Diet of Worms
Emperor Charles V called it to discuss the threat to the stability of the empire in 1521. He was presented with all of his writings and told to recant. He divided them into three categories:
well-received but the enemy - Can’t recant because then would be denying truth universally held.
Attacking lies, abuses, and corruption of Papacy and Christian leaders - Can’t recant because then would be encouraging tyranny and continued abuse
Attacked specific individuals - Apologized for harsh tone, but would not recant
In the end, was declared a heretic and would not recant anything.
