Psychology Part II and Sociology

Question 0

A person raised in an environment with little to no human contact.

Answer 0

Isolate

Question 1

A historian and economist whose theories form the basis of the conflict school of sociological thought.

Answer 1

Threshold

Question 2

A specific person or group of people who become the target of hatred or blame for the hardship of others.

Answer 2

Scapegoat

Question 3

A structural functionalist who argued that society was becoming more diverse and thought this would result in functional differentiation.

Answer 3

Durkheim

Question 4

A symbolic interactionist who argued that our behaviours and institutions are more often motivated by efficiency and benefit than by morality or custom.

Answer 4

Weber

Question 5

An exaggerated view or judgment made about a group or class of people.

Answer 5

Stereotype

Question 6

Applied rational method to the study of society and named the discipline sociology.

Answer 6

Comte

Question 7

Argued that the capacity to learn and acquire fluency in a first language is limited to the period before puberty.

Answer 7

Critical Period Hypothesis

Question 8

Intentional actions taken against an individual or group based in the distinguishing characteristic that they possess.

Answer 8

Overt Discrimination

Question 9

Studies sociological phenomena focusing on the competition between groups for power

Answer 9

Conflict Theory

Question 10

Studies sociological phenomena to examine gender inequality. Has expanded to other forms of inequality as well.

Answer 10

Feminist Theory

Question 11

The belief that one’s culture is superior, and the measurement of judgment of other cultures by that standard.

Answer 11

Ethnocentrism

Question 12

The belief that personality is most determined by the experience,earning and socialization of a person.

Answer 12

Nurture

Question 13

The belief that personality is most determined by the genetic inheritance and biological makeup of a person

Answer 13

Nature

Question 14

Unequal treatment that is a result of subtle and unintentional actions or conditions

Answer 14

Systemic Discrimination

Question 15

The process by which someone will alter or change his or her thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviour to meet the expectations of a group or authority figure.

Answer 15

Conformity

Question 16

Refers to the effects of pressure from the collective on the decision making abilities of individual members of a group

Answer 16

Groupthink

Question 17

The small close-knit group to which one most intimately belongs, usually family and close friends, typically has the most influence of a person

Answer 17

Primary Group

Question 18

An approach to deviance that argues that when people are frustrated in their attempts to meet society’s goals, they are more likely to participate in deviant or unaccepted behaviours to achieve those goals

Answer 18

Strain Theory

Question 19

Collective behaviour that is spontaneous, positive and tends to bind society together

Answer 19

Prosocial

Question 20

Explain the concept of the “forbidden experiment”.

Answer 20

Depriving human contact to determine how much “nature” determines development

Question 21

Explain how cases such as Genie and Victor come close to the “forbidden experiment”.

Answer 21

Genie - raised with little human interaction then development tracked

Victor - raised in the wild

Question 22

Choose a social institution (marriage, family, school, government, etc.) and analyze it from the point of view from a Social Functionalist.

Answer 22

School
-what needs are met?
•education
-how is it necessary in various societies?
•children are getting an education to pursue they career

Question 23

List the Social Institutions.

Answer 23

Family
- primary agent of socialization

Education
- transmit knowledge, skills and social values from one generation to the next

Religion
- organized collection of beliefs and cultural systems

Government
- human society based on guiding principles upheld by authority figures

Economy
- provide society with appropriate examples of leadership styles

Question 24

What are symbolic interactionists?

Answer 24

Human interaction at a micro level - emphasizing the individual living within a large society

Question 25

What is Convergence Theory?

Answer 25

Assumes that when a collectivity, or large group of like-minded individuals, comes together, collective action is the most common outcome

Question 26

What is Rational Decision Theory?

Answer 26

Assumes that people make rational decisions or not to participate in collective behaviour motivation based on self-interest (individual threshold) - favours larger groups over smaller ones

Question 27

Learned Theory

Answer 27

Discrimination and prejudice not innate to our species. They at learned behaviours that individuals acquire through socialization

Question 28

Competition Theory

Answer 28

The key reason some people come to distrust immigrants is economic competition. (Related to Marxist notion of competition between groups)

Question 29

Frustration - Aggression Theory

Answer 29

Frustration due to financial hardships can lead to aggression to rival(s) who an individual feels is responsible for holding him or her back in life

Question 30

Ignorance Theory

Answer 30

It is the fear of unfamiliar cultural practices that guides discriminatory behaviour

Question 31

Social Institution

Answer 31

An organization or social framework whose function is to meet the basic needs of it’s members by providing direction and operating principles for society

Question 32

Explain the interrelationship between alienation and deviance.

Answer 32

Alienation - the feeling of separation or isolation

Deviance - a violation of society’s norms and accepted standards

Question 33

Explain subculture and counterculture.

Answer 33

Subculture - a small group within a larger group who shares a common system of values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviours, and lifestyle distinct from those of the larger group

Counterculture - a subculture that rejects the most popular values and most important norms of society and replaces them with extreme views on violence, family, and loyalty