Anthropology Flashcards
Cultural anthropologists and ethnologists most often use what method of gathering data?
Interviews and participant observation
What best illustrates a material cultural trait?
A television set
What is the best description of culture?
The system of ideas, values, behaviours and attitudes of a society
____________ would be more likely to study governmental structures
Cultural Anthropologists
Functional theory is…
The idea that all social institutions are designed and modified to serve the needs to the majority of the population
An ethnography is…
A study and description of a cultural group
Cultural Evolutionism is…
Criticized for being racist and ethnocentric
What evidence suggested that “Lucy” was about three feet tall?
The length of her leg bone
Homonization is a term which refers to
The making of human beings
Glaciation encouraged homonization by
Reducing the sizes of tropical forest forcing pre-humans onto the savannahs
Anthropologists must view their subject culture as the participants see it and recognize and avoid their own biases. This is called
Reflexivity
Anthropologists would generally concern themselves with
Humans as a species and human cultures
Linguistic Anthropologists do not
Study the shape of the human jaw in order to understand human evolution
Ethnicity is
Your understanding of who you are based on your ancestry
“Upright man”
Homo erectus
99% of their DNA is identical to humans
Chimpanzees
Marriage where a woman takes more than one husband
Polyandry
Discovered that chimps have many characteristics that were previously thought to be unique to humans
Goodall
Early human that likely used small tools and built shelters
Homo habilis
His discovery of a hominid skull in Africa showed that people did not originate in Asia
Dart
The system that identifies to whom a person is related, who they must show respect to, and who must show respect to them
Kinship
The family to which apes and humans belong
Primates
The most complete skeleton ever found of Australopithecus Afarensis
Lucy
Used techniques of participant observation to gain acceptance into Mountain Gorilla groups
Fossey
Were the first primates to evolve away from the common ancestor
Orangutans
Marriage where a man takes more than one wife
Polygyny
Studied fossilized “tools” in the Olduvai Gorge in Kenya
Leakeys
A behaviour or expectation of all (or almost all) people in a culture
Cultural Universal
A group of people who practice agriculture without irrigation and often move on after the soil becomes less productive
Horticultural Society
No culture is superior to another; all cultures have internal rules and logical within their environment, historical, social, and cultural contexts
Cultural Relativism
Anthropology can help us to understand how gendered groups are oppressed, and anthropologists should help activists create change in their own societies
Feminist Anthropology
Anthropologists must consider the impact of their own interactions in their research. It is impossible to be objective, so research in one’s own culture is just as valid as research in a different culture
Postmodernism
Each element in a culture functions to serve the people in it. The anthropologists’ goal is to discover the practical function of a cultural trait
Functional Theory
Anthropologists try to understand how ideas form in a society by looking at the specific environmental resources available
Cultural Materialism
