Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology of Human Development > Psychology of Human Development Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Psychology of Human Development Chapter 4 Flashcards

Memorize and Understand Concepts in the Book and Lecture Notes

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, which serves as the chemical structure of genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gene

A

A unit of hereditary transferred from parent to child, defining some characteristic of the offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genome

A

The entire collection of genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chromosome

A

This contains specific genes from a single parent and combines with that of another containing the genetic code/information.

long thing strands genetic material located in nucleus that forms DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many chromosomes are passed down from each parent to offspring?

A

23 chromosomes from each parent. (46 total chromosomes in the organism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many alleles are passed down from each parents in heredity?

A

One from each parent (even if that genetic information is not expressed, the offspring can still carry this genetic info.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Genotype

A

This is the entire genetic makeup of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phenotype

A

These are the observable characteristics expressed in the individual from genes that have been passed down from previous generations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epigenetics

A

The study of mechanisms to “turn genes on and off”. (These can be impacted by environmental factors in what genes are expressed in the individual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two epigenetic processes?

A

Imprinting
Epigenetic Marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Imprinting

A

A chemical tag sits on one of the inherited genes (1 parent), Silencing it. (DNA Methylation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epigenetic Marks

A

Chemical that sit on top of the genes and instruct them to turn on/off. (Histone modification)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Genetic Mutations

A

“Typos” in DNA transcription and translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plasticity

A

The degree of flexibility and variability for expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fertilization

A

The uniting of sperm and egg, resulting in rapid cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are males born with the number of sperm in their lifetime or do they continually produce it?

A

Males continually produce billions of sperm throughout their lifetime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are females born with the number of eggs or do they continually produce them?

A

Females are born with their complete egg supply (typically releasing 450 in one lifetime)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gametes

A

a sex cell, when combined with the opposite, results in fertilization (each has 23 chromosomes)

19
Q

Monozygotic Twins

A

Twins that come from one zygote split into two.

20
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A

Twins that are the result from a female dropping more than one egg in a cycle and both are fertilized

21
Q

What percentage of women in the United States are impacted by infertility?

A

12% of women between the ages of 15-44

22
Q

What are the types of ARTs (Assisted Reproductive Technology)?

A

Surrogacy (Traditional & Gestational)
Artificial Insemination
Adoption

23
Q

What are the events that occur in the first trimester of human development?

A

Fertilization
Amniotic Sac
Placenta Grows
Emergence of Body Parts
Definition of Sex Organs
CNS Development
Movement
Grasp Reflex
Babinksi Reflex
Heartbeat

24
Q

What is the average size of the baby after the first trimester?

A

3 inches
2/5 ounces

25
Q

What are the events that occur in the second trimester of human development?

A

Suck/Swallowing/Sweet Tasting
Skin on fingers and toes
Hair
Senses
Sucks Thumb

26
Q

What are the events that occur in the third trimester of human development?

A

Nervous System Matures
Coordination of Sucking & Swallowing
Body Temp. Regulation
Digestion & Excretion Matures
Degeneration of the placenta towards the ninth month

27
Q

What is the average size of the baby after the second trimester?

A

10 inches
2 lbs

28
Q

What is the average size of the baby after the third trimester?

A

20 inches
7-7.5 lbs

29
Q

Germinal Period

A

Period in the first trimester after fertilization

30
Q

Embryonic Period

A

period of the first trimester where the amniotic sac and placenta forms

30
Q

Fetal Period

A

Period of the first trimester (3rd month) when the baby is formed and is 3 inches long (14g)

the baby is now in fetal position

This is when the baby develops exterior sex organs (for both) and males develop, females deteriorate.
Heartbeat can be heard
Babinski Reflex

31
Q

Second Trimester

A

Grows about 0.1”/day from the 5th month until the end of pregnancy; grows to ~10” by the end of the 2nd trimester.
Mother’s body changes; the uterus stretches and grows.

32
Q

*Quickening

A

When the mother can feel the movements of the baby in the uterus because the baby’s motor functions are beginning/in the middle of developing.

33
Q

Month 4

A

Period of the Second Trimester; sucks & swallows and cycles amniotic fluid through the system – takes in nutrients, esp. sweet taste.

34
Q

Month 5

A

Period of the Second Trimester; skin thicken, wrinkly skin ridges on fingers and toes; hair starts to cover scalp, eyebrows, back, arm, legs.

35
Q

Month 6

A

Period of the Second Trimester; sensory receptors are established. Sensitive to touch – may react w/ muscle movement. (no sound or smell; but pre-mies respond to basic light)

36
Q

Third Trimester

A

Grows from 10-20 inches; 2lbs to 7-7.5lbs; Longer periods of quiet between fetal movements between week 28-32; somatic and cardiac coordination.
*Critical level of neurological maturation in place by week 32 (leveling off or decrease of variability) – evidenced by preterm babies having increased cognitive competence.

37
Q

During the third trimester, what is the main development happening?

A

Neural Networks are forming. The baby can recognize patterns and remember (ex. it knows mother’s voice)

38
Q

On average, how long is a woman’s first labor?

A

14 hours

39
Q

What are the three stages of the birthing process?

A
  1. Dilation and Contractions
  2. Delivery
  3. Discharge of placenta
40
Q

What are the 5 psychological phases during giving birth?

A
  1. knowing labor is approaching
  2. uterine contractions
  3. ***Mental Preparations - strong uterine contractions; most difficult psychological point
  4. Active Participation of the Birthing Process
  5. Postpartum Adaptation
41
Q

What is the gestational timeline?

A

First Trimester - 1st week to 3 months
Second Trimester - months 4-6
Third Trimester - months 7-9

42
Q

Teratogens

A

Environmental factors that can harm the baby. (Most sensitive during weeks 3-9) (Things like smoking, drugs, malnourishment, virus, bacteria, etc.)

43
Q

What environmental factors can impact infant mortality?

A

Birth complications
Preterm Labor - low birth weight
Nutrition
Exposure to Teratogens
Mother’s Age
Available Prenatal Care Facilities

Psychology of Human Development (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions