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PSYU3399 > Psychology of Driving > Flashcards

Psychology of Driving Flashcards

1
Q

What items have been studied in relation to driver distractions?

A
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2
Q

What is the psychology of driving?

A

Psychology of Driving, is a topic in applied cognition or human factors – it is the interplay between pure and applied psychology.

Since Rothengatter’s definition it now goes under the title of Traffic Psychology.
While Traffic psychology is primarily related to “the study of the behaviour of road users and the psychological processes underlying that behaviour” (Rothengatter, 1997, 223) it is also about the relationship between behaviour and accidents.

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3
Q

What is the Conceptual framework of safe driving behaviour illustrating the multi-faceted nature of traffic psychology?

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4
Q

Driving statistics

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5
Q

What were the fatal crashes of 2022?

A
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6
Q

What happened to the trend of driving fatalities?

A

Downward since covid restrictions but now stabalised

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7
Q

Who is most likely to die on the road?

A

17-25year olds
20%

Those over 65

Men

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8
Q

Who is most likely to have an accident?

A
  1. Red P platers
  2. Green P Platers

Least likely = L platers

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9
Q

Why are young drivers so vulnerable?

A
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10
Q

Describe the pre-frontal cortex related to driving and youth?

A
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11
Q

When are accidents most likely to occur?

A

Weekends and night times for young drivers

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12
Q

Why are older drivers at risk?

A
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13
Q

What are the Fatal Five risky behaviours?

A
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14
Q

Who speeds?

A
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15
Q

How does speed affect crashes?

A
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16
Q

Where do most crashes happen?

A

Country Roads

17
Q

How does speeding affect driving ability?

A
18
Q

What does driving with a reduced field of vision do?

A
19
Q

How does alcohol affect driving?

A

Exponentially increase the risk of a crash and the severity of the outcome

20
Q

Who crashes the most when using illigel substances?

A
21
Q

What is the effect of seatbelts?

A

Reduced fatalities by 40-65%

This year only 27 drivers died without a seatbelt

22
Q

What is the effect of fatigue?

A

Very hard to measure
-Older drives fatigue cycle starts at 10pm
- Increase on the weekend
- Lunchtime (12-3pm) for 60+

23
Q

What are the 3 major notions or types of attention to consider under the multifaceted nature of attention:

A
  1. arousal - the general state of excitability / stress / fatigue of a person
  2. capacity or resources - for information processing
  3. selective attention - i.e. allocation of attention
    ( to road / passenger/map/ mobile)
24
Q

Define distraction

A

Distraction – It is eyes and /or mind off
the road – that is the problem

Individual road users tend to under-estimate or ignore many of the risks.
It is other drivers who have crashes – 3rd person effect

25
Q

What are the factors involved in NSW fatalities?

A

Speed is the #1 factor
Fatigur #2
Alcohol #2
Restraint non usage #3

26
Q

What are the government and psychologists doing about the road fatalities?

A

New approach – stop blaming and punishing the driver as it’s not reducing the fatalities

Focus now on is changing the road system a Vision Zero (swedish idea)

27
Q

What is Vision Zero?

A
  • Humans make mistakes – but shouldn’t have to pay for them with their life
  • This shifts the focus from blaming the driver for their error …
  • To designing the transport system that will mitigate the consequences of those errors
  • This now puts the focus to the roads, the vehicles and all those who use the road transport system, including:
    – government agencies, private sector transport operators, police & enforcement agencies; emergency services; freight operators
28
Q

How do you accomodate for Human Error?

A

This approach aims to ensure a safe transport system for all road users. Such an approach takes into account people’s vulnerability to serious injuries in road traffic crashes and recognises that the system should be designed to be forgiving of human error.
The cornerstones of this approach are:
* safe roads and roadsides
* safe speeds
* safe vehicles
* safe road users

All of which must be addressed in order to eliminate fatal crashes and reduce serious injuries

29
Q

What steps have been taken?

A
30
Q

Why is there a focus on fatalities?

A
31
Q

Why should we accept that error is human nature?

A
32
Q

What causes us to commit unsafe acts?

A
33
Q

What can lead to ‘unintentional’ errors: slips, lapses, and mistakes?

A
  1. Cognitive factors - distraction
  2. Perceptual errors
34
Q

What are perceptual errors/factors of rain?

A

Rain
1. Filters away some light and reduces illumination on the road ahead)
2. Headlight beams reflect off rain and to the drivers eyes = backscatter
3. Reduces contrast

35
Q

What are perceptual errors/factors of fog?

A
  1. Judge motion to be slower
  2. Difficulty discriminating between motion and motionless objects
  3. Underestimate own speed
  4. Can assume cars are moving and approach it much too quickly
36
Q

What are perceptual errors/factors of size/speed illusion?

A

PSYU3399 (14 decks)

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