Psychology (memory) Flashcards
Memory Encoding
Types of information that can be interpreted and processed by humans.
Encoding: Stimuli in environment transformed and can be inserted into memory
- Stimuli—>sense modalities—>thalamus—>hipocampus (decides if information should be stored as memories).
4 basics types of encoding (VAKS)
- Visual/iconic: inputting pics into mind.
- Acoustic/echoic: inputting sounds.
- Kinesthetic: inputting body sensations.
- Spatial: inputting “sensation of direction.”
Abstract encoding
Semantic: encoding meanings such a words.
Elaborative: attaching new info to preexisting memories based on meanings.
Semantic Network Theory
Encode new information by situating it among conceptual portions we’ve already formed.
a. ‘Spreading activation.’ => scanning brain for memories fo help explain new info.
Memory optimization
Techniques converting into into storage unit more easily.
Sensory memories
Lasts 1-2 seconds and provide sense of continuity to our experience
a. Once info has passed sensory it becomes short term memory.
Short term memory
Last 15-30 seconds and holds awareness for a limited period of time.
- stores max 4-9 items - primarily acoustic - vulnerable to distraction.
Long-term memory and it’s types
Becomes long term from short term memory through rehearsal
- Hippocampus —> Neocortex
Types:
- implicit memories: know but can’t easily articulate
- explicit memories: declarative.
Broadbent’s Filter
Stimuli selectively attended to and processed at varying levels of depth
Memory retrieval
What enables us to recognize and recall info we once learned.
- process of converting data from memory into active conciousness
Eidetic memories (photographic)
Recall accurate visuals after brief look.
Patterns of memory recall
- Serial recall: recall info best in same order occurred.
- Serial Position Effect: Remember start and end.
- Cued recall: learn info in patterned ways and given hint about the pattern.
Memory interference: Source monitoring
Retroactive interference: difficulty recalling older memory because memorized a similar item more recently.
Proactive interference: difficulty recalling new memories because similar but older memory entrenched.
Source monitoring: attribute memory to a particular source whether correctly or not.
- internal (inside own mind.)
- external (outside mind).
Sensation
Stimulation of sensory receptors and resulting neural impulse activity by something in the environment.
Perception
Brain’s process of filtering, prioritizing and subjectively interpreting stimuli.
