Psychology in Sport

Question 1

What is the difference between Exercise and Sport Psychology?

Answer 1

The difference between exercise psychology and sport psychology, is that exercise psychology the application of psychology to the promoting, explaining, maintaining, and enhancing of the parameters of physical activity, and sport psychology is concerned with the application of psychological principles to the various areas of sport

Question 2

What are the key historical event in sport psychology?

Answer 2

• 1884, Conrad Rieger published what is considered by some to be the first article related to psychology and exercise
• 1897, Norman Triplett published the first true experimental study in exercise psychology.

-1908, the American Psychological Association president, G. Stanley Hall, issued a report highlighting the psychological benefits resulting from participation in physical education.

-1918, Coleman R. Griffith, began to study the psychological factors in basketball and football.
Was the first investigator to conduct systematic sport psychology research.
Started the first Athletic Research Lab at University of Illinois in 1925
Hired by Philip Wrigley in 1938 to be the Team Sport Psychologist for the Cubs

Question 3

What are some factors that affect exercise adherence?

Answer 3

Dropout rate for adults is just over 50% in six months.
Research has shown that a multitude of psychological, physiological, cultural, socioeconomic, and program factors affect exercise adherence

Question 4

What are some ideal performance states on athlete can have?

Answer 4

The ideal performance state involves the following:

• Absence of fear (no fear of failure)
• No thinking about or analysis of performance
• A narrow focus of attention on the activity itself
• A sense of effortlessness
• A sense of personal control
• A distortion of time and space

Question 5

What are cause of staleness and Burnouts

Answer 5

• Too much stress and pressure
• Too much practice and physical training
• Physical exhaustion and all-over soreness
• Boredom from too much repetition
• Poor rest or lack of proper sleep

Question 6

What is the def of extrinsic motivation?

Answer 6

is the predominant influence that occurs when individuals engage in a certain behavior to gain some external reward from that participation

Question 7

What is the def of Intrinsic motivation?

Answer 7

is the predominant factor that causes an individual to engage in behavior because the individual enjoys the process and gains pleasure and satisfaction from that participation

Question 8

What is the def of motive to achieve success (MAS)?

Answer 8

The capacity to experience pride in one’s accomplishments, characterized by a desire to challenge oneself

Question 9

What is the def of motive to avoid failure (MAF)?

Answer 9

The capacity to experience pride in one’s accomplishments, characterized by a desire to challenge oneself

Question 10

What is the def of Positive reinforcement ?

Answer 10

The act of increasing the probability of occurrence of a given behavior by following it with or presenting an action, object, or event such as praise, decals on the helmet, or prizes and awards

Question 11

What is the def of negative reinforcement Negative reinforcement?

Answer 11

Increases the probability of occurrence of a given operant by removing an act, object, or event that is typically aversive

Question 12

How does arousal affect performance?

Answer 12

Arousal is a state of heightened physiologic and psychological activity, Physiologic and biochemical measures such as brain activity, heart rate, and the stress hormone cortisol have been used to measure arousal. Drive theory is used to describe the relationship between an individual’s level of arousal and performance

Question 13

Explain the connection between exercise and mental health?

Answer 13

Although much of the past study of psychological changes associated with physical activity and exercise has focused on reductions in negative emotions, there is a significant amount of support for exercise being effective in enhancing and improving many positive psychological states

Question 14

What are the psychological techniques to improve performance?

Answer 14

• Exercise can have positive effects on mood states, such as vigor, clear thinking, energy, alertness, and well-being.
• In some instances, exercise performed for as little as 10 minutes can produce positive psychological benefits.
• One of the most consistently reported effects from acute and chronic exercise is increased feelings of energy.
• Physical activity and exercise have also been shown to increase self-confidence, self-esteem, and cognitive function.