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psychology > psychology exam one > Flashcards

psychology exam one Flashcards

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1
Q

empirical

A

based on observation and experience rather than theory or logic

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2
Q

nonempirical

A

based on theory and logic

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3
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

first woman APA president, finish psychology phd from Harvard but they didn’t give it to her because she was a woman.

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4
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

Second woman APA president, got her degree from Harvard and is well known for her work with behavior

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5
Q

Francis Cecil Sumner

A

referred to as the “Father of Black Psychology” because he was the first African American to receive a PhD degree in psychology.

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6
Q

structuralism

A

examines human consciousness by analyzing the most basic elements. primary technique, introspection

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7
Q

functionalism

A

explore the function of mental and behavioral processes. william james

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8
Q

behaviorism

A

redefined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior. B. F skinner , Watson.

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9
Q

psychoanalysis

A

emphasized ways the unconscious ,and and childhood experiences affect behavior. sigmund frued

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10
Q

humanistic psychology

A

prioritized human growth potential. emphasized the need for love, acceptance, and enrichment that nurtures personal growth.

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11
Q

different steps of scientific methods

A

make observation, form hypothesis, create testable prediction, test prediction, analyze data, communicate findings, start all over.

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12
Q

descriptive

A

observe and describe individual variables. does not examine relationships

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13
Q

correlational

A

measures relationships between variables for each individual participant. does not attempt to explain the relationship. correlation does not imply causation

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14
Q

experimental

A

answers cause and effect questions about relationships between variables to test its effect. (holds constant [control] variables)

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15
Q

independent variable

A

intentionally manipulated by the experimenter

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16
Q

dependent variable

A

variable that responds in response to the manipulation of the independent variable. measured.

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17
Q

hypotheses

A

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

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18
Q

predictions

A

what someone thinks will happen

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19
Q

whilhem wudnt

A

funded the first psychology labretory and explored structuralism

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20
Q

brain plasticity

A

The brains ability to change through growth and reorganization especially during childhood. brain builds pathways through experinces

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21
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

made up of brain and spinal cord receiving, processing, and responding to sensory information

22
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

everything but brain and spinal cord feeds information into your brain from most of your senses. It carries signals that allow you to move your muscles. Your PNS also delivers signals that your brain uses to control vital, unconscious processes like your heartbeat and breathing.

23
Q

Somatic

A

a component of the PNS associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles

24
Q

Autonomic

A

a component of the of the PNS that regulates involuntary psychological processes including heart rate, blood pressure, resperation, digestion, and sexual arousal.

25
Q

sympathetic (ANS)

A

best known for its response in dangerous or stressful situations. high respiration etc..

26
Q

parasympathetic (ANS)

A

responsible for the body’s rest and digestion response when the body is relaxed. it undoes what the sympathetic nervous system does after a stressful situation.

27
Q

Endoctrine System

A

the glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body.

28
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers that travel between synapses

29
Q

Amygdala

A

a major precessing center for emotion. fight, flight, or freeze response.
My favorite part of the brain!

30
Q

Hippocampus

A

memory and learning

31
Q

hypothalamus

A

body temperature, heart rate, hunger

32
Q

cerebellum

A

coordination, movement, maintaining posture and balance, muscle tone, and motor learning.

33
Q

frontal lobe

A

voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions

34
Q

parietal lobe

A

helps construct the way your brain understands the world around you

35
Q

occipital lobe

A

visiospacial processing, distance and depth perception, color determination, object and facial recognition, and memory formation.

36
Q

temoral lobe

A

managing your emotions, processing information from your senses, storing and retrieving memories, and understanding language.

37
Q

sensation

A

receiving stimulus information from enviroment

38
Q

perception

A

organizing and interpreting sensory input.

39
Q

parallel processing

A

the use of multiple processors to divide the workload and minimize the compution time of a monotonous process.

40
Q

perceptual set

A

mental assumptions affect what we experience. context, emotions, motivations

41
Q

5 senses

A

see, smell, touch, taste, hear

42
Q

sensory interaction examples

A

smell+texture+taste=flavor
Vision+hearing
smell+ taste

43
Q

inattentional blindness

A

not noticing some unexpected object when attention is directed elsewhere

44
Q

change blindness

A

a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a change in a visual stimulus is introduced and the observer does not notice i

45
Q

sleep purposes

A

protection, recuperation, restore memories

46
Q

effects of sleep deprevation

A

interpersonal conflict, depression predictor, less productive, accident risk, weight gain, physical issues.

47
Q

depressants

A

slows CNS and body functions. limits judgement. alcohol, barbiturates, opiates

48
Q

stimulants

A

speeds up CNS and body functions, rise in energy and confidence. caffine, nic, meth, ecstacy, cocaine

49
Q

hallucinogenics

A

distorts perception and evokes sensory images that aren’t there. LSD, MDMA, Psilocybin, marijuana

50
Q

biological influence on substance use

A

alcoholism in the family

51
Q

psychological influence on substance use

A

self treatment for medical problems

52
Q

social influence on substance use

A

age, seeing other people do it

psychology (5 decks)

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