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psychology > Psych exam three > Flashcards

Psych exam three Flashcards

1
Q

Dispositional attributions

A

The tendency to blame people for their attitudes or personality.

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2
Q

situational attributions

A

when someone explains an event by their situation

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3
Q

The fundamental attribution error

A

a cognitive bias to blame people based on their personality not taking into the account the situation they may be in
ex. bad drivers

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4
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

when someones actions do not align with their beliefs or values

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5
Q

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

getting someone t agree to something larger by first gettin them to agree to something smaller

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6
Q

Central vs. peripheral route persuasion

A

The central route to persuasion uses facts and information to persuade potential consumers. The peripheral route uses positive association with cues such as beauty, fame, and positive emotions.

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7
Q

Conformity

A

changing behaviors or beliefs due to real or imagined group pressure

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8
Q

Normative Conformity

A

fitting in to avoid rejection

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9
Q

information influence

A

accepting other peoples opinions assuming they are right

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10
Q

Prejudice

A

strong negative attitude towards a group or its members

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11
Q

Proximity and the mere exposure effect

A

being closer to someone or seeing something more tends to grow attraction

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12
Q

Passionate love vs. companionate love

A

passionate love: intense and fiery, not healthy all the time
companionate love: deep affectionate love.

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13
Q

Bystander effect

A

everyone assumes everyone else has it covered

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14
Q

Understand stressor, appraisal, and stress response

A

understanding what is wrong and what the stressor is, understanding how threatening the stressor is, and then your bodys reaction to the stressor

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15
Q

Catastrophes, significant life changes, and daily hassles

A

different things that may cause stress.
hurricanes or war, marrige or kids, or simply missing the train

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16
Q

Fight-or-flight theory

A

stressors effect the sympathetic nervous system, you rither fight, flight, or freeze

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17
Q

General adaptation syndrome

A

preposed general stress response regardless of stressor
Fight Flight Freeze

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18
Q

Learned helplessness

A

a state that occurs after a person has experienced a stressful situation repeatedly.

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19
Q

Problem-focused vs. emotion-focused coping

A

addressing problem first vs addressing the emotional response

20
Q

Types of social support (i.e., instrumental, emotional, and informational)

A

instrumental- providing material/ physical support
emotional- expressing care, validation, empathy, and love
informational- providing information, advice, and insight

21
Q

Medical model of psychological disorders

A

treats mental illnesses like physical illnesses
-diagnosed based on symptoms
-treatment through medication or therapy

22
Q

biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders

A

studies how biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors interact to produce specific psychological disorders

23
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

persistant state of fear caused by a variety of factors.
-muscle tension
-trouble sleeping
-fatigue
-trouble concentrating

24
Q

panic disorder

A

an anxiety disorder marked by unperdictable minute long episodes of intense dread.
-terror
-chest pain
-choking
-shortness of breath
-dizziness

25
Q

PTSD

A

mental disorders made from traumatic events or experiences.
-nightmares
-social withdraw

26
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

unwanted, repetitive thoughts or actions that trigger compulsions
-handwashing
-thoughts of bad things happening

27
Q

Schizophrenia

A
28
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A
29
Q

Eating disorders

A
30
Q

Major depressive disorder

A
31
Q

Psychoanalytic theory of personality

A

proposes that our personality is shaped by unconscious desires, conflicts, and experiences from childhood, primarily focused on the interplay between three mental structures

32
Q

Id

A

the part of the mind in which innate instinctive impulses and primary processes are manifest.

33
Q

ego

A

school of thought that focuses on the ego’s role in controlling impulses, planning, and interacting with the external environment

34
Q

superego

A

It’s the ethical component of the personality, and it’s responsible for providing moral standards for the ego to operate by

35
Q

Humanistic theory of personality

A

people are inherently good and possess an innate drive to reach their full potential, or “self-actualize,”

36
Q

Trait theory of personality

A

individuals have stable, underlying personality traits that differ in strength and intensity, which ultimately determine their behavior and distinguish them from others

37
Q

introversion

A

a personality trait characterized by a preference for one’s own inner thoughts and feelings, meaning an introvert tends to gain energy from solitude and quiet time, often preferring to spend time alone rather than in large social gatherings, and may appear more reserved or reflective in social situations.

38
Q

extroversion

A

a personality trait that describes a person who is outgoing, sociable, and energized by being around others

39
Q

Big Five Personality Traits

A

Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism

40
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

a non-directive type of talk therapy that encourages clients to take charge of their therapy sessions

41
Q

active listening

A

listening that involves mirroring emotions that are being projected, nodded, agreeing

42
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

the basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does no matter what is being said there is always a positive or kind response being given

43
Q

counter conditioning

A

evoking response incompatible with undesirable behavior to change behavior.

44
Q

exposure therapy

A

a type of cognitive behavioral therapy in which your therapist creates a safe environment to expose you to your fears

45
Q

systematic desensitization

A

relaxed state+higheraacy of anxiety -triggered stimuli

46
Q

behavior modification

A

rewards/ punishments to change behavior (token economy)

47
Q

Cognitive behavioral therapy goals and techniques

A

help individuals identify, challenge, and modify negative thinking patterns, ultimately improving emotional regulation and developing coping strategies by addressing the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, allowing people to manage challenging situations more effectively
-cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, exposure therapy, relaxation techniques, thought recording, and problem-solving skills training

psychology (6 decks)

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