Psych exam three

Question 1

Dispositional attributions

Answer 1

The tendency to blame people for their attitudes or personality.

Question 2

situational attributions

Answer 2

when someone explains an event by their situation

Question 3

The fundamental attribution error

Answer 3

a cognitive bias to blame people based on their personality not taking into the account the situation they may be in
ex. bad drivers

Question 4

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 4

when someones actions do not align with their beliefs or values

Question 5

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 5

getting someone t agree to something larger by first gettin them to agree to something smaller

Question 6

Central vs. peripheral route persuasion

Answer 6

The central route to persuasion uses facts and information to persuade potential consumers. The peripheral route uses positive association with cues such as beauty, fame, and positive emotions.

Question 7

Conformity

Answer 7

changing behaviors or beliefs due to real or imagined group pressure

Question 8

Normative Conformity

Answer 8

fitting in to avoid rejection

Question 9

information influence

Answer 9

accepting other peoples opinions assuming they are right

Question 10

Prejudice

Answer 10

strong negative attitude towards a group or its members

Question 11

Proximity and the mere exposure effect

Answer 11

being closer to someone or seeing something more tends to grow attraction

Question 12

Passionate love vs. companionate love

Answer 12

passionate love: intense and fiery, not healthy all the time
companionate love: deep affectionate love.

Question 13

Bystander effect

Answer 13

everyone assumes everyone else has it covered

Question 14

Understand stressor, appraisal, and stress response

Answer 14

understanding what is wrong and what the stressor is, understanding how threatening the stressor is, and then your bodys reaction to the stressor

Question 15

Catastrophes, significant life changes, and daily hassles

Answer 15

different things that may cause stress.
hurricanes or war, marrige or kids, or simply missing the train

Question 16

Fight-or-flight theory

Answer 16

stressors effect the sympathetic nervous system, you rither fight, flight, or freeze

Question 17

General adaptation syndrome

Answer 17

preposed general stress response regardless of stressor
Fight Flight Freeze

Question 18

Learned helplessness

Answer 18

a state that occurs after a person has experienced a stressful situation repeatedly.

Question 19

Problem-focused vs. emotion-focused coping

Answer 19

addressing problem first vs addressing the emotional response

Question 20

Types of social support (i.e., instrumental, emotional, and informational)

Answer 20

instrumental- providing material/ physical support
emotional- expressing care, validation, empathy, and love
informational- providing information, advice, and insight

Question 21

Medical model of psychological disorders

Answer 21

treats mental illnesses like physical illnesses
-diagnosed based on symptoms
-treatment through medication or therapy

Question 22

biopsychosocial model of psychological disorders

Answer 22

studies how biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors interact to produce specific psychological disorders

Question 23

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 23

persistant state of fear caused by a variety of factors.
-muscle tension
-trouble sleeping
-fatigue
-trouble concentrating

Question 24

panic disorder

Answer 24

an anxiety disorder marked by unperdictable minute long episodes of intense dread.
-terror
-chest pain
-choking
-shortness of breath
-dizziness

Question 25

PTSD

Answer 25

mental disorders made from traumatic events or experiences. -nightmares -social withdraw

Question 26

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 26

unwanted, repetitive thoughts or actions that trigger compulsions -handwashing -thoughts of bad things happening

Question 27

Schizophrenia

Question 28

Dissociative identity disorder

Question 29

Eating disorders

Question 30

Major depressive disorder

Question 31

Psychoanalytic theory of personality

Answer 31

proposes that our personality is shaped by unconscious desires, conflicts, and experiences from childhood, primarily focused on the interplay between three mental structures

Question 32

Id

Answer 32

the part of the mind in which innate instinctive impulses and primary processes are manifest.

Question 33

ego

Answer 33

school of thought that focuses on the ego's role in controlling impulses, planning, and interacting with the external environment

Question 34

superego

Answer 34

It's the ethical component of the personality, and it's responsible for providing moral standards for the ego to operate by

Question 35

Humanistic theory of personality

Answer 35

people are inherently good and possess an innate drive to reach their full potential, or "self-actualize,"

Question 36

Trait theory of personality

Answer 36

individuals have stable, underlying personality traits that differ in strength and intensity, which ultimately determine their behavior and distinguish them from others

Question 37

introversion

Answer 37

a personality trait characterized by a preference for one's own inner thoughts and feelings, meaning an introvert tends to gain energy from solitude and quiet time, often preferring to spend time alone rather than in large social gatherings, and may appear more reserved or reflective in social situations.

Question 38

extroversion

Answer 38

a personality trait that describes a person who is outgoing, sociable, and energized by being around others

Question 39

Big Five Personality Traits

Answer 39

Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism

Question 40

Client-centered therapy

Answer 40

a non-directive type of talk therapy that encourages clients to take charge of their therapy sessions

Question 41

active listening

Answer 41

listening that involves mirroring emotions that are being projected, nodded, agreeing

Question 42

unconditional positive regard

Answer 42

the basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does no matter what is being said there is always a positive or kind response being given

Question 43

counter conditioning

Answer 43

evoking response incompatible with undesirable behavior to change behavior.

Question 44

exposure therapy

Answer 44

a type of cognitive behavioral therapy in which your therapist creates a safe environment to expose you to your fears

Question 45

systematic desensitization

Answer 45

relaxed state+higheraacy of anxiety -triggered stimuli

Question 46

behavior modification

Answer 46

rewards/ punishments to change behavior (token economy)

Question 47

Cognitive behavioral therapy goals and techniques

Answer 47

help individuals identify, challenge, and modify negative thinking patterns, ultimately improving emotional regulation and developing coping strategies by addressing the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, allowing people to manage challenging situations more effectively -cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, exposure therapy, relaxation techniques, thought recording, and problem-solving skills training