Psychology Exam 3

Question 1

A person in a sleep lab is showing emotional arousal, blood pressure changes, and sexual arousal, which all primarily occur during

Question 1 options:

Stage 4 sleep.

NREM sleep.

delta sleep.

REM sleep.

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What do somnambulism, sleeptalking, and night terrors all have in common?

Question 2 options:

Each is a cause of microsleep.

All occur in Stage 1 (light sleep).

All are closely related to dreaming.

All occur during NREM sleep.

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Freud’s dream theory is based on the assumption that the true meaning of a dream is found in its __________ content.

Question 3 options:

REM

latent

manifest

lucid

Answer 3

2

Question 4

What is a key difference between the view of dreaming of the Kuna people and the views of the three models discussed in the text?

Question 4 options:

The Kuna believe that the content of dreams is basically meaningless.

The Kuna believe that dreams are reflections of ordinary daily concerns and are the way we sort out and deal with daily events.

The Kuna believe that dreams do not reflect personal experience but the experience of the community and must be shared.

The Kuna believe that dreams represent things that we want but cannot or do not have.

Answer 4

3

Question 5

When Carl first started drinking, all he needed to get a buzz was two beers. Now it takes two six packs. This reduction in Carl’s responsiveness to his “drug of choice” is called a

Question 5 options:

psychological addiction.

physical withdrawal.

drug tolerance.

drug compulsion.

Answer 5

3

Question 6

In operant conditioning, the most important aspects for the learning to take place are the

Question 7 options:

latent reflexes.

consequences.

antecedents.

punishers.

Answer 6

2

Question 7

After repeatedly pairing the appearance of a nurse in green scrubs with the painful experience of getting a vaccination, the patient will react every time they see a nurse in green grubs enter the room. In this example, the nurse in the green scrubs is a(n)

Question 8 options:

unconditioned response (UR).

conditioned stimulus (CS).

unconditioned stimulus (US).

conditioned response (CR).

Answer 7

2

Question 8

Regarding alcohol, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Question 6 options:

Alcohol is classified as a stimulant drug.

Alcohol reduces inhibitions and produces feelings of relaxation and euphoria.

Alcohol is an aphrodisiac and improves sexual performance.

All of these statements are true.

Answer 8

2

Question 9

In a classic experiment, Little Albert, a very young boy, was conditioned to be afraid of a white rat. He also became fearful of white furry rabbits and bearded men. This is an example of

Question 9 options:

stimulus discrimination.

extinction.

shaping.

stimulus generalization.

Answer 9

4

Question 10

In Thorndike’s law of effect, events critical for conditioning

Question 10 options:

occur after the response.

occur simultaneously with the response.

are unrelated to the response except during extinction.

occur before the response.

Answer 10

1

Question 11

What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?

Question 11 options:

They both lead to a decrease in response frequencies.

They both lead to an increase in response frequencies.

They both have unpredictable qualities.

They both have aversive qualities.

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Two schedules of reinforcement that produce the highest rates of response are

Question 12 options:

fixed interval and variable interval.

continuous and fixed interval.

variable interval and variable ratio.

fixed ratio and variable ratio.

Answer 12

4

Question 13

Drawbacks to punishment include all of the following EXCEPT that

Question 13 options:

people and situations associated with punishment may become feared or disliked.

punishment has not been shown to be effective in suppressing behaviors.

punishment may encourage aggression.

punishment may encourage escape and avoidance learning.

Answer 13

2

Question 14

Amina misses her curfew and her father takes the car away from her for a week. She is receiving

Question 14 options:

negative punishment.

positive punishment.

negative reinforcement.

positive reinforcement.

Answer 14

1

Question 15

Latent learning involves learning without any obvious

Question 15 options:

reinforcement.

cognitive shaping.

response expectancies.

practice.

Answer 15

1

Question 16

In Bandura’s classic Bo-Bo doll experiment, most of the children imitated

Question 16 options:

the cartoon model, but not the live adult model.

the live adult model, but not the filmed model.

the cartoon model and filmed model, but not the live adult model.

all of the models, whether live, filmed, or cartoon.

Answer 16

4

Question 17

Someone leaves a voice message with the phone number of a person you need to call. You repeat the number to yourself as you start to dial. Then, the doorbell rings, and you rush to see who is there. When you return to the phone, you have completely forgotten the number. This illustrates how interference affects ___________ memory.

Question 17 options:

long-term

short-term

sensory

eidetic

Answer 17

2

Question 18

Because hyphens divide the numbers on your social security card into three segments, it is easier for you to remember this nine-digit number. This illustrates

Question 18 options:

the key number system.

the method of loci.

chunking.

maintenance rehearsal.

Answer 18

3

Question 19

Many Alzheimer’s patients in the early stages of the disease are still able to play the piano or to make coffee as they always have. However, their ability to remember names or faces rapidly declines. Thus, the type of memory that is still functioning adequately in these Alzheimer’s patients is __________ memory.

Question 19 options:

procedural

declarative

episodic

semantic

Answer 19

1

Question 20

On a trivia computer game, you are asked to name the seven dwarfs from the movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs with no hints or clues. Your memory is being tested through

Question 20 options:

recall.

relearning.

serial position.

recognition.

Answer 20

1

Question 21

Encoding failure is usually the result of

Question 21 options:

a failure to use the information.

never encoding the memory in the first place.

using the wrong memory strategy.

using the wrong memory strategy.

Answer 21

2

Question 22

If you cram for a psychology exam and then later the same night cram for a history exam, your memory for psychology will be less accurate because of

Question 22 options:

proactive interference.

disuse.

retroactive interference.

memory decay.

Answer 22

3

Question 23

Memory loss accompanying electroconvulsive shock probably occurs because

Question 23 options:

memory decay is accelerated.

neurons are destroyed.

powerful emotions are aroused.

consolidation is disrupted.

Answer 23

4

Question 24

Most individuals with exceptional memory use

Question 24 options:

memory strategies, such as mnemonics and chunking.

no particular strategy.

tape recorders with numerous play backs of the information.

intensive maintenance rehearsal.

Answer 24

1

Question 25

Regarding how sleeping and eating affect memory, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Question 25 options:

All of these statements are true.

Drinking coffee tends to hurt test performance.

People who are hungry almost always score lower on memory tests.

Sleeping after studying increases interference.

Answer 25

3