Psychology Exam 1 Flashcards
You get more out of your reading if you are more reflective through self-reference. Which of the following is an example of self-reference?
Relate new information to something that you already know or have experienced.
When a person remembers or notices only things that back up his or her expectations and forgets the rest, he or she is experiencing
confirmation bias.
Wundt’s ideas were carried to the United States by Edward Titchener with these ideas forming the school of thought known as
structuralism.
The idea that a behavior is controlled by rewards and punishments is most closely associated with
B.F. Skinner.
As used by Freud, the unconscious refers to
the area of the mind that lies outside of personal awareness.
Humanistic theories emphasize
free will and self-determination.
The non-Western approach to psychology that we will consider this semester is the one based on Buddhist philosophy. According to the roots of Buddhist psychology, human suffering is
inevitable but can be overcome.
Which of the following best describes cultural relativity?
The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs.
You have discovered a new vitamin that you believe will improve memory in the elderly. Your best bet for accurately testing the effectiveness of the vitamin would be to use
the experimental method.
You want to test people’s cola preferences. So, you conduct a taste test using two different brands of cola. However, you are worried about possible clues you may give people taking the test. To avoid this, you label the two colas and have your assistant, who does not know which cola is which, to administer the test to the subjects. Thus, you have prevented yourself and your assistant from giving out any clues by using
a double-blind experime
Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college. This is an example of a __________ correlation.
positive
Rare conditions, such as cases involving brain tumors, accidental brain injuries, childhood
“geniuses,” or “rampage” school shootings, are often studied using which method?
case study
Which of the following measures of central tendency is sensitive to extremely high or low scores in a distribution?
mean
If there is a correlation of .78 between socioeconomic status and IQ score, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A third variable such as education level may account for the relationship between socioeconomic status and IQ score.
The part of the nervous system that quiets the body after arousal and helps maintain vital functions (like breathing) at moderate levels is the __________ branch.
parasympathetic
The part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body to other neurons is the
axon
The purpose of the myelin that surrounds the axon is to
speed the transmission of an impulse down the axon.
Which of the following best describes the means by which neurons communicate with each other?
Neurotransmitters flow across the synapse and attach to receptor sites.
Which part of the brain is most effective at breaking information into parts and processing this information in order, one item after the next?
left hemisphere
Damage to which of the following causes motor or expressive aphasia?
Broca’s area
The brain center for hearing is in the __________ lobe.
temporal
Damage to which part of the limbic system would most likely impair memory?
hippocampus
Which hormone is released in response to daily variations in light and tends to rise as night falls, peaks at midnight, and falls again as the sun rises?
melatonin
In studies with the Marshmallow Test, children from poorer families tend to
eat the marshmallow early, showing poorer self-regulation.
