Psychology Exam 2 Review Flashcards by Nevaeh Miller

What is consciousness ?

Ones subjective experience of the world

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When does a conscious alter state occur?

When consciousness has been altered or changed by sleep,trauma,fever,medications,hypnosis…

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the global workspace model?

A theory that states consciousness arises as a function of brain circuits are active

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is change blindness ?

Failure to notice change in an environment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is shadowing?

Input to each ear where one must “shadow”(repeat) the input of only one ear ignoring the other.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Subliminal perception is

processing information without conscious awareness.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are circadian rhythms ?

The regulation of biological cycles into regular patterns like body temperature, walking and sleeping, and eating and drinking.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is sleep an altered state of consciousness?

Yes !

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The pineal gland secretes what hormone?

Melatonin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does an EEG reveal ?

the brain is in active sleep.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the stages of sleep in order?

Stage1.(THETA) waves
Stage2.Continuous (THETA) waves +burst of sleep spindles and K-complexes
Stage3+4.(DELTA) Waves (slow wave sleep)
REM: the stage of sleep with rapid movements and dreaming. (BETA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Somnambulism?

Sleepwalking

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is sleep an adaptive behavior?

Yes!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the (RESTORA)tive theory?

Sleep so the body can RESTORE itself

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Circadian(ADAPTIVE) theory?

Humans are adapted to sleeping at night

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the CONSOLidation theory?

Sleep strengthens and CONSOLES neural connections.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are dreams?

Products of an altered state which images and fantasies are confused with reality

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 contents of dreams?

-Manifest
-Latent
-Lucid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the manifest content?

The way a dream is remembered

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the latent content?

What a dream symbolizes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are lucid dreams?

A dream where one feels they can influence the dream while dreaming

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How can a conscious be altered?

-Hypnosis
-Meditation
-Immerse in an action (Flow)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are Psychoactive drugs?

Mind-altering substances that change the brain’s neurochemistry (marijuana,opiates)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are Stimulants?

Drugs that INCREASE behavioral and mental activity( nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines,methamphetamine)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are depressants?

drugs that REDUCE behavioral and mental activity(alcohol,sleeping pills, xanax,opiates,heroin,morphine)

What are some opiates?

-Opium -Heroin -Morphine -Codeine

What are Hallucinogens?

They are STIMULANTS that alter the brain's interpretations of sensations

What are some Hallucinogens?

-LSD -PCP -MDMA

What is tip of the tongue phenomenon?

a state in which one cannot quite recall a familiar word but can recall words of similar form and meaning

What are the 3 phrases of memory over time?

Encoding, Consolidation(storage) ,Retrieval

What is the serial position effect?

Things in the beginning or end of the list is easier to remember than the middle

What is state dependent memory?

When a person will remember more information if their INTERNAL physical or mental state is the same as encoding(learning) and recall( retrieving the learning)

What is context dependent memory?

When a person will remember more information if their EXTERNAL state matches during encoding and recall

Is attention limited?

Yes

Retrieval cues?

anything that helps a person recall a memory

What is proactive interference?

Old memories interfering with new memories

What is Retroactive interference?

new memories interfering with old memories

What are some factors that affect memory?

sleep emotional conditions stress substance use

What is Episodic memory?

a type of explicit memory that includes PERSONAL experiences

What is Semantic memory?

A type of explicit memory that includes FACTS & KNOWLEDGE about the world

What is memory?

The nervous system's capacity to retain and retrieve skills and knowledge

How many phases of memory are there?

(3) Encoding,Storage ,and retrieval

What is Encoding ?

The processing of information

What is Consolidation?

The process in which information is stored in the memory.

What is storage?

The holding and memory of processed information over time

What is retieval?

The act of recalling or remembering information that was stored when the information is needed

What does the information processing model do?

Assumes the processing of information for memory is similar to a computer

What is reconsolidation?

The process in which memories are recalled and then stored again for retrieval

Memory is the result of what?

Brain activity

Are eyewitnesses accurate?

No, people tend to remember evidence that confirms their beliefs.

The Amygdala contributes to (think myg rhymes with wig think scary wig and scary is what)

Emotion

The hippo contributes to (hippo cant remember where home is)

Memory

The hypo contributes to (hypo llamas)

Regulating body

The thalamus contributes to ( cops hal and amos directing )

Sensory gateway

The basal contributes to

Movement and reward

The parietal lobe contributes to what

Touch and spatial relationship

The occipital lobe contributes to what

Vision

Frontal lobe contributes to ?

Planning and movement

The insula cortex contributes to

Taste, pain, and empathy

The dendrites do what ?

receive chemical signals

The cell body(soma) does what?

Integrate & store info

The terminal buttons do what ?

Hold transmitters and sends to synaptic cleft

The axon does what ?

conduct electrical impulses

The myelin sheath does what ?

Insulate axon and control speed in which neurons convey their message

acetylcholine function

learning, memory , dreaming, and sleeping

norepinephrine function

arousal, vigiliance, and attention

serotonin function

emotional,impulsive dreaming

dopamine function

reward and motivate also voluntary movement

Gamma Acid function

Anxiety reduction and action potentials

Glutamate function

learning and memory as well as action potentials

Endorphins function

Pain reduction and reward

What is a thought ?

The mental activity that includes thinking

Thinking involves how many types of mental representations ?

Two Analogical and Symbolic

what is the "affect as-information theory"

when people use their current moods and feelings to make judgements and appraisals

What is aphasia?

A language disorder

What is the IQ equation

IQ= Mental age/ Chronological age x 100

General intelligence is made up of what 4 categories

Verbal reasoning, Quantitative reasoning, Abstract visual reasoning, and short-term memory

What is emotional intelligence ?

A form of social intelligence that emphasizes the abilities to manage, recognize and understand emotions and use emotions to guide

What are 2 intelligence test

Stanford Binet- measures using intelligence quotient or IQ score Wechlser Adult Intelligence scale- verbal and performance test

Which psychologist studied insight ?

Köhler