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Psychology > Psychology Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Psychology Exam 2 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is consciousness ?

A

Ones subjective experience of the world

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2
Q

When does a conscious alter state occur?

A

When consciousness has been altered or changed by sleep,trauma,fever,medications,hypnosis…

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3
Q

What is the global workspace model?

A

A theory that states consciousness arises as a function of brain circuits are active

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4
Q

What is change blindness ?

A

Failure to notice change in an environment

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5
Q

What is shadowing?

A

Input to each ear where one must “shadow”(repeat) the input of only one ear ignoring the other.

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6
Q

Subliminal perception is

A

processing information without conscious awareness.

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7
Q

What are circadian rhythms ?

A

The regulation of biological cycles into regular patterns like body temperature, walking and sleeping, and eating and drinking.

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8
Q

Is sleep an altered state of consciousness?

A

Yes !

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9
Q

The pineal gland secretes what hormone?

A

Melatonin

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10
Q

What does an EEG reveal ?

A

the brain is in active sleep.

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11
Q

What are the stages of sleep in order?

A

Stage1.(THETA) waves
Stage2.Continuous (THETA) waves +burst of sleep spindles and K-complexes
Stage3+4.(DELTA) Waves (slow wave sleep)
REM: the stage of sleep with rapid movements and dreaming. (BETA)

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12
Q

What is Somnambulism?

A

Sleepwalking

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13
Q

Is sleep an adaptive behavior?

A

Yes!

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14
Q

What is the (RESTORA)tive theory?

A

Sleep so the body can RESTORE itself

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15
Q

What is the Circadian(ADAPTIVE) theory?

A

Humans are adapted to sleeping at night

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16
Q

What is the CONSOLidation theory?

A

Sleep strengthens and CONSOLES neural connections.

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17
Q

What are dreams?

A

Products of an altered state which images and fantasies are confused with reality

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18
Q

What are the 3 contents of dreams?

A

-Manifest
-Latent
-Lucid

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19
Q

What is the manifest content?

A

The way a dream is remembered

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20
Q

What is the latent content?

A

What a dream symbolizes

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21
Q

What are lucid dreams?

A

A dream where one feels they can influence the dream while dreaming

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22
Q

How can a conscious be altered?

A

-Hypnosis
-Meditation
-Immerse in an action (Flow)

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23
Q

What are Psychoactive drugs?

A

Mind-altering substances that change the brain’s neurochemistry (marijuana,opiates)

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24
Q

What are Stimulants?

A

Drugs that INCREASE behavioral and mental activity( nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines,methamphetamine)

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25
Q

What are depressants?

A

drugs that REDUCE behavioral and mental activity(alcohol,sleeping pills, xanax,opiates,heroin,morphine)

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26
Q

What are some opiates?

A

-Opium
-Heroin
-Morphine
-Codeine

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27
Q

What are Hallucinogens?

A

They are STIMULANTS that alter the brain’s interpretations of sensations

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28
Q

What are some Hallucinogens?

A

-LSD
-PCP
-MDMA

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29
Q

What is tip of the tongue phenomenon?

A

a state in which one cannot quite recall a familiar word but can recall words of similar form and meaning

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30
Q

What are the 3 phrases of memory over time?

A

Encoding, Consolidation(storage) ,Retrieval

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31
Q

What is the serial position effect?

A

Things in the beginning or end of the list is easier to remember than the middle

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32
Q

What is state dependent memory?

A

When a person will remember more information if their INTERNAL physical or mental state is the same as encoding(learning) and recall( retrieving the learning)

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33
Q

What is context dependent memory?

A

When a person will remember more information if their EXTERNAL state matches during encoding and recall

34
Q

Is attention limited?

A

Yes

35
Q

Retrieval cues?

A

anything that helps a person recall a memory

36
Q

What is proactive interference?

A

Old memories interfering with new memories

37
Q

What is Retroactive interference?

A

new memories interfering with old memories

38
Q

What are some factors that affect memory?

A

sleep
emotional conditions
stress
substance use

39
Q

What is Episodic memory?

A

a type of explicit memory that includes PERSONAL experiences

40
Q

What is Semantic memory?

A

A type of explicit memory that includes FACTS & KNOWLEDGE about the world

41
Q

What is memory?

A

The nervous system’s capacity to retain and retrieve skills and knowledge

42
Q

How many phases of memory are there?

A

(3) Encoding,Storage ,and retrieval

43
Q

What is Encoding ?

A

The processing of information

44
Q

What is Consolidation?

A

The process in which information is stored in the memory.

45
Q

What is storage?

A

The holding and memory of processed information over time

46
Q

What is retieval?

A

The act of recalling or remembering information that was stored when the information is needed

47
Q

What does the information processing model do?

A

Assumes the processing of information for memory is similar to a computer

48
Q

What is reconsolidation?

A

The process in which memories are recalled and then stored again for retrieval

49
Q

Memory is the result of what?

A

Brain activity

50
Q

Are eyewitnesses accurate?

A

No, people tend to remember evidence that confirms their beliefs.

51
Q

The Amygdala contributes to (think myg rhymes with wig think scary wig and scary is what)

A

Emotion

52
Q

The hippo contributes to (hippo cant remember where home is)

A

Memory

53
Q

The hypo contributes to (hypo llamas)

A

Regulating body

54
Q

The thalamus contributes to ( cops hal and amos directing )

A

Sensory gateway

55
Q

The basal contributes to

A

Movement and reward

56
Q

The parietal lobe contributes to what

A

Touch and spatial relationship

57
Q

The occipital lobe contributes to what

A

Vision

58
Q

Frontal lobe contributes to ?

A

Planning and movement

59
Q

The insula cortex contributes to

A

Taste, pain, and empathy

60
Q

The dendrites do what ?

A

receive chemical signals

61
Q

The cell body(soma) does what?

A

Integrate & store info

62
Q

The terminal buttons do what ?

A

Hold transmitters and sends to synaptic cleft

63
Q

The axon does what ?

A

conduct electrical impulses

64
Q

The myelin sheath does what ?

A

Insulate axon and control speed in which neurons convey their message

65
Q

acetylcholine function

A

learning, memory , dreaming, and sleeping

66
Q

norepinephrine function

A

arousal, vigiliance, and attention

67
Q

serotonin function

A

emotional,impulsive dreaming

68
Q

dopamine function

A

reward and motivate also voluntary movement

69
Q

Gamma Acid function

A

Anxiety reduction and action potentials

70
Q

Glutamate function

A

learning and memory as well as action potentials

71
Q

Endorphins function

A

Pain reduction and reward

72
Q

What is a thought ?

A

The mental activity that includes thinking

73
Q

Thinking involves how many types of mental representations ?

A

Two Analogical and Symbolic

74
Q

what is the “affect as-information theory”

A

when people use their current moods and feelings to make judgements and appraisals

75
Q

What is aphasia?

A

A language disorder

76
Q

What is the IQ equation

A

IQ= Mental age/ Chronological age x 100

77
Q

General intelligence is made up of what 4 categories

A

Verbal reasoning, Quantitative reasoning, Abstract visual reasoning, and short-term memory

78
Q

What is emotional intelligence ?

A

A form of social intelligence that emphasizes the abilities to manage, recognize and understand emotions and use emotions to guide

79
Q

What are 2 intelligence test

A

Stanford Binet- measures using intelligence quotient or IQ score

Wechlser Adult Intelligence scale- verbal and performance test

80
Q

Which psychologist studied insight ?

A

Köhler

Psychology (4 decks)

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