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Psychology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Biopsychosocial model- know the definition/what it is

A

A model of health that integrates the effects of biological behavioral and social factors on health and illness

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2
Q

an example of anorexia nervosa

A

characterized by being underweight,vomiting , laxative abuse, food restriction and excessive exercise

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3
Q

identify an example of bulimia nervosa.

A

binges large quantities within a short period and then purges and intense fear of weight gain

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4
Q

what is cortisol? (hint: the ______ hormone)

A

stress hormone

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5
Q

The three categories of stressors and be able to identify which category a stressor falls into (ex: what is a serious car accident-

A

TRAUMATIC: unpredictable large events
MAJOR LIFE STRESSOR: disruptions in people’s lives
DAILY HASSLES: small day to day irritations
or poverty

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6
Q

Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)- what is it?

A

outline of 43 life events from most to least stressful

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7
Q

HPA Axis

A

a body system involved in stress responses , helps the body prepare to respond to the stressor

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8
Q

Be able to list and/or identify examples of the three types of coping methods

A

EMOTION FOCUSED: address emotional response to stressor
PROBLEM FOCUSED: direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor
AVOIDANCE: avoid stressors or feelings

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9
Q

Be able to briefly identify or describe the benefits of spirituality and religion on one’s health when it comes to stress

A

religious beliefs serve as a buffer against stress and support healthy behaviors

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10
Q

Does stress increase one’s risk of heart disease?

A

increases

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11
Q

How is social support important for one’s physical health?

A

positive effect on immune, helps people cope and maintain good health

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12
Q

“Type A” vs “Type B” personality

A

A: competitiveness,achievement, orientation,impatience with others and inability to relax

B: relaxed,easygoing, accommodating

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13
Q

Know the definition of Groupthink

A

the TENDENCY of a group to make BAD DECISION as a result of preserving the group, intense pressure, external threats, biased

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14
Q

Know the definition of social norms and be able to identify an example

A

EXPECTED standards of conduct which influence BEHAVIOR
-saying “bless you” after someone sneezes

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15
Q

Milgrams experiement demonstarted what?

A

Obedience ( shock experiment)

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16
Q

Be able to identify an example of Bystander Intervention Effect

A

a car accident and everyone else thinks someone is going to call police because of diffusion of responsibility and less likely to help when anonymous

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17
Q

Understand what cognitive dissonance is and be able to identify an example

A

uncomfortable mental state from contradiction among beliefs, values, and attitudes
EXAMPLE smoking

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18
Q

Know examples of nonverbal behavior

A

active listening examples and THERAPY

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19
Q

Know definition of prejudice and discrimination- be able to understand the difference between these two (one being internal and one being the acting out of the other)

A

Prejudice(INTERNAL): negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs
associated with a STEREOTYPE
Discrimination(EXTERNAL): the inappropriate and UNJUSTIFIED TREATMENT of people as a result of prejudice

20
Q

Leon Festinger developed the concept of what?

A

Cognitive Dissonance

21
Q

Know what altruism is and/or be able to identify an example

A

Providing help when it is needed without an apparent reward for doing so
helping an elderly person cross the road

22
Q

Know the definition of personality

A

a person’s collection of characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors

23
Q

Know the gender differences in temperament that a meta-analysis revealed (slide 13)

A

Girls demonstrated STRONGER abilities to control their attention and RESIST their impulses.
Boys were MORE physically ACTIVE and experienced more high-intensity pleasure, such as in rough-and- tumble play.
-no differences in negative behavior

24
Q

Be able to list types of projective personality tests and/or explain

A

Rorschach inkblot test
- a person looks at a MEANINGLESS inkblot and DESCRIBES what it APPEARS to be.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
A person is shown an AMBIGUOUS picture and is asked to tell a STORY about it.

25
Q

Whose theory was “Id,ego, and superego apart of ?

A

Freud

26
Q

What are the 3 levels of consciousness

A
  1. Conscious: thoughts, feelings, sensations, & memories that people are AWARE of in the MOMENT
  2. Preconscious: content that is NOT currently in awareness but that COULD BE brought to awareness
  3. Unconscious: material that the mind CANNOT easily retrieve and has NEVER BEEN in the CONSCIOUS such as instincts, deep desires, and repressed memories.
27
Q

Be able to list and describe/identify the Big 5 personality traits (this will be a short answer!)

A

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

28
Q

Know the definition of self-esteem

A

the evaluative aspect of the self-concept in which people feel “worthy” or “unworthy”

29
Q

How might personality change as individuals get older? (slide 51 specifically)

A

With age, people become LESS NEUROTIC , EXTRAVERTED AND OPEN ; they also tend to become MORE AGREEABLE AND CONSCIOUS.

30
Q

Situationism vs. interactionism in the theory of personality

A

Situationism: The theory that behavior is determined more by SITUATIONS than by personality traits

Interactionism: the theory that behavior is determined jointly by SITUATIONS and UNDERLYING FACTORS

31
Q

Be able to identify strong situation vs. a weak situation

A

A strong situation exerts pressure to behave in a certain way. Weak situations contain little pressure as to an appropriate behavior.
School classroom vs Home

32
Q

Definition of psychopathology and understand that the extent to which a behavior is “maladaptive” represents psychpathology

A

Psychopathology: the study of mental health disorders
Maladaptive when interferes with productivity

33
Q

Know what the diathesis stress model is and how this relates to nature vs. nurture

A

a model that proposes that a DISORDER may DEVELOP when an underlying VULNERABILITY is MIXED with a PRECIPITATING EVENT which triggers the disorder.

Nature and Nurture are considered in development of disorder

34
Q

What does is mean if a symptom of schizophrenia is negative vs if it is positive?

A

Positive = addition of something “abnormal”(delusions)
Negative = addition of something ”normal( apathy)

35
Q

Hallucination and delusion- are these negative or positive symptoms of schizophrenia? Be able to identify an example of each.

A

Positive,

Hallucinations: false sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source

Delusions: false beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality

36
Q

what are some factors of dissociative identity disorder?

A

Presence of more than one identity

37
Q

Definition of comorbidity

A

having more than one psychological disorder

38
Q

What additional diagnosis is common in individuals with panic disorder?

A

Agoraphobia( fear of being in situations one cant escape)

39
Q

OCD- are people aware their delusions and obsessions are irrational?

A

Most are

40
Q

Be able to list/identify 3 categories of PTSD symptoms (this will be a short answer!)

A

re-experiencing
Arousal
Avoidance

41
Q

What is the Id component of personality?

A

The “pleasure principle” that seeks pleasure and fulfill ones wishes and desire

42
Q

What is the Superego component of personality?

A

The “moral principle” that judges behaviors,thoughts, feelings, and wishes.

43
Q

What is the Ego component of personality?

A

The “Reality principle” that involves rational thought and problem solving

44
Q

Factors of social anxiety disorder

A

intense fear of negative evaluation by others

45
Q

Factors of major depressive disorder

A

Severe negative moods or lack of interest in normal activities

46
Q

Factors of generalized anxiety disorder

A

constant anxiety not associated with anything

Psychology (4 decks)

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