Final Exam Flashcards by Nevaeh Miller

Biopsychosocial model- know the definition/what it is

A model of health that integrates the effects of biological behavioral and social factors on health and illness

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an example of anorexia nervosa

characterized by being underweight,vomiting , laxative abuse, food restriction and excessive exercise

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identify an example of bulimia nervosa.

binges large quantities within a short period and then purges and intense fear of weight gain

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what is cortisol? (hint: the ______ hormone)

stress hormone

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The three categories of stressors and be able to identify which category a stressor falls into (ex: what is a serious car accident-

TRAUMATIC: unpredictable large events
MAJOR LIFE STRESSOR: disruptions in people’s lives
DAILY HASSLES: small day to day irritations
or poverty

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Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)- what is it?

outline of 43 life events from most to least stressful

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HPA Axis

a body system involved in stress responses , helps the body prepare to respond to the stressor

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Be able to list and/or identify examples of the three types of coping methods

EMOTION FOCUSED: address emotional response to stressor
PROBLEM FOCUSED: direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor
AVOIDANCE: avoid stressors or feelings

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Be able to briefly identify or describe the benefits of spirituality and religion on one’s health when it comes to stress

religious beliefs serve as a buffer against stress and support healthy behaviors

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Does stress increase one’s risk of heart disease?

increases

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How is social support important for one’s physical health?

positive effect on immune, helps people cope and maintain good health

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“Type A” vs “Type B” personality

A: competitiveness,achievement, orientation,impatience with others and inability to relax

B: relaxed,easygoing, accommodating

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Know the definition of Groupthink

the TENDENCY of a group to make BAD DECISION as a result of preserving the group, intense pressure, external threats, biased

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Know the definition of social norms and be able to identify an example

EXPECTED standards of conduct which influence BEHAVIOR
-saying “bless you” after someone sneezes

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Milgrams experiement demonstarted what?

Obedience ( shock experiment)

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Be able to identify an example of Bystander Intervention Effect

a car accident and everyone else thinks someone is going to call police because of diffusion of responsibility and less likely to help when anonymous

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Understand what cognitive dissonance is and be able to identify an example

uncomfortable mental state from contradiction among beliefs, values, and attitudes
EXAMPLE smoking

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Know examples of nonverbal behavior

active listening examples and THERAPY

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Know definition of prejudice and discrimination- be able to understand the difference between these two (one being internal and one being the acting out of the other)

Prejudice(INTERNAL): negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs
associated with a STEREOTYPE
Discrimination(EXTERNAL): the inappropriate and UNJUSTIFIED TREATMENT of people as a result of prejudice

Leon Festinger developed the concept of what?

Cognitive Dissonance

Know what altruism is and/or be able to identify an example

Providing help when it is needed without an apparent reward for doing so
helping an elderly person cross the road

Know the definition of personality

a person’s collection of characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors

Know the gender differences in temperament that a meta-analysis revealed (slide 13)

Girls demonstrated STRONGER abilities to control their attention and RESIST their impulses.
Boys were MORE physically ACTIVE and experienced more high-intensity pleasure, such as in rough-and- tumble play.
-no differences in negative behavior

Be able to list types of projective personality tests and/or explain

Rorschach inkblot test
- a person looks at a MEANINGLESS inkblot and DESCRIBES what it APPEARS to be.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
A person is shown an AMBIGUOUS picture and is asked to tell a STORY about it.

Whose theory was "Id,ego, and superego apart of ?

Freud

What are the 3 levels of consciousness

1. Conscious: thoughts, feelings, sensations, & memories that people are AWARE of in the MOMENT 2. Preconscious: content that is NOT currently in awareness but that COULD BE brought to awareness 3. Unconscious: material that the mind CANNOT easily retrieve and has NEVER BEEN in the CONSCIOUS such as instincts, deep desires, and repressed memories.

Be able to list and describe/identify the Big 5 personality traits (this will be a short answer!)

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Know the definition of self-esteem

the evaluative aspect of the self-concept in which people feel “worthy” or “unworthy”

How might personality change as individuals get older? (slide 51 specifically)

With age, people become LESS NEUROTIC , EXTRAVERTED AND OPEN ; they also tend to become MORE AGREEABLE AND CONSCIOUS.

Situationism vs. interactionism in the theory of personality

Situationism: The theory that behavior is determined more by SITUATIONS than by personality traits Interactionism: the theory that behavior is determined jointly by SITUATIONS and UNDERLYING FACTORS

Be able to identify strong situation vs. a weak situation

A strong situation exerts pressure to behave in a certain way. Weak situations contain little pressure as to an appropriate behavior. School classroom vs Home

Definition of psychopathology and understand that the extent to which a behavior is “maladaptive” represents psychpathology

Psychopathology: the study of mental health disorders Maladaptive when interferes with productivity

Know what the diathesis stress model is and how this relates to nature vs. nurture

a model that proposes that a DISORDER may DEVELOP when an underlying VULNERABILITY is MIXED with a PRECIPITATING EVENT which triggers the disorder. Nature and Nurture are considered in development of disorder

What does is mean if a symptom of schizophrenia is negative vs if it is positive?

Positive = addition of something “abnormal"(delusions) Negative = addition of something ”normal( apathy)

Hallucination and delusion- are these negative or positive symptoms of schizophrenia? Be able to identify an example of each.

Positive, Hallucinations: false sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source Delusions: false beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality

what are some factors of dissociative identity disorder?

Presence of more than one identity

Definition of comorbidity

having more than one psychological disorder

What additional diagnosis is common in individuals with panic disorder?

Agoraphobia( fear of being in situations one cant escape)

OCD- are people aware their delusions and obsessions are irrational?

Most are

Be able to list/identify 3 categories of PTSD symptoms (this will be a short answer!)

re-experiencing Arousal Avoidance

What is the Id component of personality?

The "pleasure principle" that seeks pleasure and fulfill ones wishes and desire

What is the Superego component of personality?

The "moral principle" that judges behaviors,thoughts, feelings, and wishes.

What is the Ego component of personality?

The "Reality principle" that involves rational thought and problem solving

Factors of social anxiety disorder

intense fear of negative evaluation by others

Factors of major depressive disorder

Severe negative moods or lack of interest in normal activities

Factors of generalized anxiety disorder

constant anxiety not associated with anything