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psychology 101 > psychology EXAM 2 > Flashcards

psychology EXAM 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following factors does NOT seem to be closely related to happiness?
High self-esteem
Gender
Optimism
Sleeping well

A

Gender

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2
Q

What state of mind is created when we experience a series of bad events and develop feelings of passive resignation?

Personal control
Internal locus of control
External locus of control
Learned helplessness

A

Learned helplessness

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3
Q

Matthew believes that no matter how hard he works, there is so much systemic bias against his ethnic group
that he will be unable to achieve economic success. Juan’s thinking MOST clearly demonstrates

Type B personality
External locus of control
Relative deprivation
The adaptation-level phenomenon

A

External locus of control

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4
Q

Which of these is NOT true of social support?

Social support provides us with the ability to control our impulses
Social support fosters stronger immune functioning
Close relationships give us an opportunity to talk about our problems
Social support calms us and reduces blood pressure and stress hormones

A

Social support provides us with the ability to control our impulses

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5
Q

Attempting to alleviate stress by addressing emotional needs, rather than facing the stressor directly, is known as

Meditation
Biofeedback
Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping

A

Emotion-focused coping

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6
Q

Students who expect that they will be able to rebound from a low test score through their own effort and self-discipline MOST clearly demonstrate

the adaptation-level phenomenon
optimism
an external locus of control
the benefits of aerobic exercise

A

optimism

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7
Q

The field of positive psychology is different from its many other fields in its focus on

Understanding and alleviating negative states
Promoting positive states
Investigating individual opinions of what brings people happiness
Reinforcing positive feelings using operant conditioning approaches

A

Promoting positive states

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8
Q

Abraham Maslow referred to the need to live up to one’s fullest and unique potential as the

need for self-esteem
need to belong
need for self-actualization
needs hierarchy

A

need for self-actualization

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9
Q

The Yerkes-Dodson law refers to the general tendency for optimal performance to be associated with

high arousal
moderate arousal
homeostasis
achievement motivation

A

moderate arousal

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10
Q

According to the instinct theory, behavior is influenced by:

genetic predispositions
arousal levels
incentives
homeostasis

A

genetic predispositions

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11
Q

The theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness is called

self-determination theory
drive-reduction theory
arousal theory
instinct theory

A

self-determination theory

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12
Q

_____ motivation is a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard.

Belongingness
Achievement
Affiliation
Narcissistic

A

Achievement

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13
Q

Our need to belong is most clearly threatened by

drive reduction
chain migration
self-actualization
ostracism

A

ostracism

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14
Q

Margaret gardens and grows flowers each summer because she enjoys it. Margaret’s behavior reflects _____.

ntrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
achievement motivation
affiliation need

A

intrinsic motivation

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15
Q

Which of these is NOT related to emotions?

subconscious interpretation
physiological arousal
expressive behaviors
conscious experience

A

subconscious interpretation

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16
Q

_____ have demonstrated that some emotional responses involve no conscious thinking.

Lazarus and LeDoux
Cannon and Bard
Zajonc and LeDoux
Schachter and Zajonc

A

Zajonc and LeDoux

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17
Q

To experience an emotion, a person must be physically aroused and cognitively label that arousal. This theory of emotion was suggested by:

Cannon and Bard
James and Lange
Zajonc and LeDoux
Schachter and Singer

A

Schachter and Singer

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18
Q

In response to various stressors, _____ increase(s) your heart rate and respiration.

the sympathetic nervous system
the parasympathetic nervous system
your thalamus
your adrenal glands

A

the sympathetic nervous system

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19
Q

According to Carroll Izard, there are 10 basic emotions that humans experience and most of these are present during infancy. Which of these is one of these basic emotions?

boredom
disgust
ecstasy
empathy

A

disgust

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20
Q

One problem with the use of the polygraph for lie detection is that

anxiety, irritation, and guilt feelings all prompt similar physiological reactivity
polygraph assessments are more expensive than brain scans
emotions involve expressive behaviors as well as autonomic nervous system arousal
guilty people are presumed to be innocent in a lie detector test

A

anxiety, irritation, and guilt feelings all prompt similar physiological reactivity

21
Q

Which component of the body is responsible for calming the body after a crisis passes?

The sympathetic division
The insula
The parasympathetic division
The left frontal lobe

A

The parasympathetic division

22
Q

When shown a face with an evenly mixed expression of fear and anger, _____ children were much quicker than other children to see anger.

socially extraverted
academically successful
athletically skilled
physically abused

A

physically abused

23
Q

The most unambiguous nonverbal clue to our specific emotional state is provided by our

facial muscles
hand gestures
body posture
respiration rate

A

facial muscles

24
Q

Which of these statements is TRUE about gender, emotion, and nonverbal behavior?

Men’s emotionality is typically attributed to their disposition
Women’s emotionality is typically attributed to their circumstances
Women’s nonverbal sensitivity helps explain their greater emotional literacy
Men generally surpass women at reading people’s emotional cues when given “thin slices” of behavior

A

Women’s nonverbal sensitivity helps explain their greater emotional literacy

25
Q

_____ is the best way to describe identification with others and the ability to imagine walking in their shoes.

Sympathy
Apathy
Empathy
Emotion detection

A

Empathy

26
Q

People from different cultures are most likely to differ with respect to

their facial expressions for different emotions, such as sadness or surprise
how they interpret hand gestures, for example, the “A-OK” sign
the specific states of physiological arousal associated with their feelings of happiness or disgust
the way they categorize basic emotions such as fear and anger

A

how they interpret hand gestures, for example, the “A-OK” sign

27
Q

Activating the muscles involved in smiling may actually make us feel happier. This is an example of (the) _____.

behavior feedback effect
catharsis
facial feedback effect
universal emotion

A

facial feedback effect

28
Q

When Maria acts happy, she experiences increased feelings of cheerfulness. This best illustrates

the behavior feedback effect
greater emotional expressiveness of women
the facial feedback effect
the effect of mimicking

A

the behavior feedback effect

29
Q

The cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs make up the

inner ear
outer ear
middle ear
all of the above

A

inner ear

30
Q

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time is known as

amplitude
loudness
frequency
pitch

A

frequency

31
Q

According to the _____, the spinal cord contains a neurological opening that either blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.

placebo theory of pain
gate-control theory of pain
biopsychosocial theory of pain
large-fiber theory of pain

A

gate-control theory of pain

32
Q

The sense of smell is called

gustation
audition
kinesthesia
olfaction

A

olfaction

33
Q

specialized receptors responsible for detecting taste information are known as

Papilla
Gustatory (taste) receptors
Hair cells
Taste buds

A

Gustatory (taste) receptors

34
Q

Which taste sensation indicates potential poisons?

Sweet
Sour
Bitter
Umami

A

Bitter

35
Q

One sense influencing the perception of another sense is known as

sensory interaction
synesthesia
sensory integration
embodied cognition

A

sensory interaction

36
Q

Stan has been diagnosed as having a substance use disorder. The therapist explains to Stan that the disorder severity is considered mild. Based on the criteria for rating levels of severity of substance use disorders, Stan would have _____ symptoms.

one or two
two or three
three or four
four or five

A

two or three

37
Q

Jamie regularly takes a pain reliever for hip pain. After a few weeks, they notice that they need to increase the amount of pain-relieving drug that they take each day in order to achieve the same level of pain relief. The phenomenon that Jamie is experiencing is called

tolerance
a behavior addiction
withdrawal
substance use disorder

A

tolerance

38
Q

The broad term that refers to a condition in which a person feels compelled to take a specific drug despite negative consequences is

an altered state
tolerance
neuroadaptation
addiction

A

addiction

39
Q

Psychoactive drugs produce their effects by altering

users’ desires
the brainstem
the brain’s chemical message system
users’ expectations

A

the brain’s chemical message system

40
Q

The chemical substances that alter mood, thinking, sensation, or perception are called

addictions
psychoactive drugs
neuroadaptation hormones
neurotransmitters

A

psychoactive drugs

41
Q

Alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates calm neural activity and slow body functions. They belong to which category of psychoactive drugs?

hallucinogens
stimulants
tranquilizers
depressants

A

depressants

42
Q

What is considered a stimulant and a mild hallucinogen?

LSD
heroin
Ecstasy
Cocaine

A

Ecstasy

43
Q

The acquisition of mental information by observing events, by watching others, or by means of language is called

classical conditioning
operant conditioning
cognitive learning
associative learning

A

cognitive learning

44
Q

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a(n):

respondent behavior
operant behavior
stimulus
neutral stimulus

A

stimulus

45
Q

Long after their conditioned fear of cats had been extinguished, Juan experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when he first met his cousin’s new sphinx cat. Juan’s unexpected nervousness BEST illustrates

spontaneous recovery
generalization
acquisition
associative learning

A

spontaneous recovery

46
Q

One of Pavlov’s major contributions to the field of psychology was to show how

dogs anticipate and expect events
classical conditioning can be used to explain learning in canines but not other organisms
an organism can learn to repeat acts followed by good results
the discipline of psychology could be based on objective laboratory methods

A

the discipline of psychology could be based on objective laboratory methods

47
Q

Zack repeatedly hears a tone just before having a puff of air directed into their eye. Blinking in response to a tone presented without a puff of air is a(n)

unconditioned response
conditioned response
unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus

A

conditioned response

48
Q

Most learning involves the process of association. With classical conditioning, an organism comes to associate

two or more stimuli and anticipate events
a response and its consequence
a neutral stimulus and a reward
something observed and its consequences

A

two or more stimuli and anticipate events

49
Q

____________ is the tendency to respond in a similar manner to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.

Generalization
Acquisition
Discrimination
Spontaneous recovery

A

Generalization

psychology 101 (5 decks)

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